Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/ɣam-

This Proto-Kartvelian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Kartvelian

Root

*ɣam-

1. night, evening
2. last night

Descendants

• Proto-Georgian-Zan:
  • Old Georgian: ღამე (ɣame), ღამჱ (ɣamē)
    • Georgian: ღამე (ɣame)
    • ⇒ Georgian: მოღამება (moɣameba, “twilight; living life; growing old”) — Chveneburi
  • Zan: *ɣoma-
    • Laz: ღომა (ğoma, “yesterday”), ღომან (ğoman)
    • Mingrelian: ღუმა (ɣuma, “last night”)
• ⇒ Svan: ლიღამნე (liɣamne, “to wait, waiting”)

References

• Klimov, G. A. (1998) “*ɣame-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 220
• Penrixi (Fähnrich), Hainc, Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000) “*ɣam-”, in Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), 2nd edition, Tbilisi: Tbilisi Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani State University Press, page 502
• Čuxua, Merab (2000–2003) “*ɣam-en-”, in Kartvelur ena-ḳilota šedarebiti leksiḳoni [The Kartvelian Comparative Dictionary] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Universali, page 262
• Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) “*ɣam-”, in Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 476
• Čanṭlaʒe, Iza (2012) Kevin Tuite, Šušana Puṭḳaraʒe, Ketevan Margiani-Subari, editors, Kartveluri leksiḳis isṭoriidan [From the History of Kartvelian Vocabulary] (in Georgian), pages 113–114