Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/ɣar-

This Proto-Kartvelian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Kartvelian

Etymology 1

Onomatopoeic.

Root

*ɣar- : *ɣr-

1. to cry, howl, sing

Descendants

• Proto-Georgian-Zan:
  • ⇒ Old Georgian: ღრიალი (ɣriali, “roar, bellow”), მღერის (mɣeris, “to sing”), სიმღერა (simɣera, “song”), მომღერალი (momɣerali, “singer”)
  • Zan:
    • Laz: ო-მღორ-უ (o-mğor-u, “to shout”)
    • ⇒ Mingrelian: ღორაფა (ɣorapa, “shouting, roaring, crying”)
• ⇒ Svan: ლიღრა̈ლ (liɣräl, “song”)

Derived terms

• ⇒ Proto-Kartvelian: *ɣarɣad- (“goose”) (see there for further descendants)

References

• Klimov, G. A. (1998) Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 220
• Penrixi (Fähnrich), Hainc, Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000) Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), 2nd edition, Tbilisi: Tbilisi Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani State University Press, page 503
• Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 479

Etymology 2

Root

*ɣar- : *ɣr-

1. to die, wither

Descendants

• Proto-Georgian-Zan:
  • ⇒ Georgian: ღრობა (ɣroba, “withering, wiltering”) (Guria)
  • Zan:
    • Laz: ღურ- (ğur-)
    • ⇒ Mingrelian: ღურა (ɣura, “death”)
• ⇒ Svan: მაღრა (maɣra, “dried up tree”)

Derived terms

• ⇒? Proto-Georgian-Zan: *(m)žɣr- (“to wither, fade”) (see there for further descendants)

References

• Penrixi (Fähnrich), Hainc, Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000) Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), 2nd edition, Tbilisi: Tbilisi Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani State University Press, page 503
• Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 478―479