Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/-a

This Proto-Kartvelian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Kartvelian

Suffix

*-a

1. Suffixed to nouns to form privative adjectives
2. Expresses having something

Reconstruction notes

One of the meanings is ironic.

Descendants

• Proto-Georgian-Zan:
  • Georgian: -ა (-a)
  • Zan:
    • Laz: -ა (-a)
    • Mingrelian: -ა (-a)
• Svan: -ა̈ჲ (-äy), -აჲ (-ay), -ა̈ (-ä)

References

• Ǯorbenaʒe, B.; Ḳobaiʒe, M.; Beriʒe, M. (1988), “-ა⁷”, in Kartuli enis morpemebisa da modaluri elemenṭebis leksiḳoni [Dictionary of morphemes and modal elements in Georgian] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Academy Press, page 14
• Fähnrich, Heinz; Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000), Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), 2nd edition, Tbilisi: University Press, page 76
• Fähnrich, Heinz (2007), Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 30
• Ḳelauraʒe, Levan (2014), “Damaṭebani kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳonisatvis - II [Addenda to Etymological Dictionary of Kartvelian Languages - II]”, in Eṭimologiuri ʒiebani (in Georgian), volume XI, Tbilisi: Dedaena, page 17 of 17–37