Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/qaml-

This Proto-Kartvelian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Kartvelian

Alternative reconstructions

• *qam- (Čuxua)

Noun

*qaml- (Klimov; Fähnrich-Sarǯvelaʒe; Fähnrich)

1. leather, skin made from legs of sheeps, goats

Descendants

• Proto-Georgian-Zan:
  • Old Georgian: ჴამლი (qamli, “footwear made from sheep skin”)
    • Georgian: ხამლი (xamli)
• Svan: ჴამირ (qamir)

References

• Klimov, G. A. (1964) “*qaml-”, in Этимологический словарь картвельских языков [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Academy Press, page 263, compares to Abkhaz а-хамы́ (a-xamə́), а-хьамы́ (a-xʲamə́)
• Климов, Г. А. (1969) “Абхазоадыгско-картвельские лексические параллели [Abkhaz-Adyghe and Kartvelian lexical parallels]”, in Этимология‎^[1] (in Russian), number 1967, Moscow: Nauka, page 290 of 286–295, compares to Proto-Northwest Caucasian *(t)xam-
• Klimov, G. A. (1998) “*qaml-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 333
• Penrixi (Fähnrich), Hainc, Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000) “*qaml-”, in Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), 2nd edition, Tbilisi: Tbilisi Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani State University Press, page 709
• Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) “*qaml-”, in Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 699
• Čuxua, Merab (2019) “*qam-”, in Manana Mač̣avariani, Manana Buḳia, editors, Georgian–Circassian–Apkhazian Etymological Dictionary (expanded edition)‎^[2], Tbilisi: Tbilisi State University Press, page 629

Further reading

• Starostin, S. A. (2005) “*qaml-”, in Kartvelian etymological database compiled on the basis of G. Klimov's and Fähnrich-Sarjveladze's etymological dictionaries of Kartvelian languages, compares to Proto-Northeast Caucasian *χʕāmV (“skin”)