Reconstruction:Proto-Koreanic/kwòmá

This Proto-Koreanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

This Proto-Koreanic entry contains original research. The reconstruction in this entry is based on published research, but the specific form presented here is not found in prior works.

Proto-Koreanic

Noun

*kwòmá

1. bear

Descendants

• Baekje: 金馬, 久麻, クム, クマ, コム (*kəma, *kuma, *komu, *kumu)
• Old Korean:
  • Middle Korean: 곰〯 (kwǒm)
    • Korean: 곰 (gom)
  • ⇒ Middle Korean: 고마〮ᄂᆞᄅᆞ (kwòmánòlò)
• → Old Japanese: 熊 (kuma)
  • Early Middle Japanese: 熊 (kuma)
    • → Northern Ryukyuan: *kuma (tone class irregular; via Middle Japanese)
      • Kunigami: 熊 (khumā /⁠kʰúmàː⁠/)
      • Northern Amami-Oshima: 熊 (kuma, new)
      • Okinawan: 熊 (kuma /⁠kùmà⁠/)
      • Oki-No-Erabu: 熊 (kuma /⁠kùmá⁠/)
      • Toku-No-Shima: 熊 (kuma /⁠kùmâ⁠/)
  • Japanese: 熊 (kuma)

References

• Vovin, Alexander (2010) Koreo-Japonica: A Re-Evaluation of a Common Genetic Origin‎^[1], University of Hawai’i Press, →ISBN, →JSTOR, page 143