Reconstruction:Proto-Mongolic/gal

This Proto-Mongolic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Mongolic

Reconstruction

Palatalization in Dagur is unexpected, which also occurs in *gar, *ger and *seül.

Noun

*gal

1. fire

Descendants

• Middle Mongol:
  • Arabic: [script needed] (ɣal) (Muqaddimat), [script needed] (qaːl) (Leiden Vocabulary) (Istanbul Vocabulary)
  • Chinese: [Term?] (“qal”) (Secret History) (Yue-Yi Yiyu)
• Mongolian:
  • Classical: ᠭ᠋ᠠᠯ (ɣal)
  • Khalkha Mongolian: гал (gal)
• Buryat: гал (gal)
• Khamnigan Mongol: gal
• Kalmyk: һал (ğal)
• Daur: galʲ
• East Yugur: ɣal
• Monguor:
  • Mangghuer: ghar
  • Mongghul: ghal
• Kangjia: χar
• Dongxiang: khan
• Mogholi: ɣoːl, ğɔl

Further reading

• Nugteren, Hans (2011), Mongolic phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu languages (dissertation)‎^[1], Utrecht: LOT, page 337
• Sun Zhu (1990), 蒙古语族语言词典 [Dictionary of Mongolic Languages] (in Chinese), Qinghai, page 279