Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/šim

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Conjunction

*šim or šimmā

1. if

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒋳𒈠 (šumma)
• Proto-West Semitic: *him
  • Central Semitic:
    • Arabic: إِن (ʔin)
    • Dadanitic: 𐪑𐪌 (ʾn /⁠ʾin⁠/)
    • Safaitic: 𐪑𐪌 (ʾn /⁠ʾin⁠/)
    • Northwest Semitic:
      • Aramaic: הן (hen, hin), אן (ʾen, ʾin)
        • Classical Syriac: ܐܢ (ʾen)
      • Canaanite:
        • Hebrew: אִם (ʾim)

          Samaritan Hebrew: ࠀࠌ (ʾam)

      • Ugaritic: 𐎅𐎎 (hm), 𐎛𐎎 (ỉm)
    • Old South Arabian: 𐩠𐩣 (hm), 𐩠𐩣𐩺 (hmy), 𐩠𐩣𐩥 (hmw)
  • Ethiopian Semitic:
    • Ge'ez: እም (ʾəm), እመ (ʾəmä)

References

• Weninger, Stefan (2011) “Reconstructive Morphology”, in Weninger, Stefan, editor, The Semitic Languages. An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft – Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science; 36), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 169
• Tropper, Josef (2003) “Sekundäres wortanlautendes Alif im Arabischen”, in Kogan, Leonid, editor, Studia Semitica (Orientalia: Papers of the Oriental Institute; III), Moscow, →ISBN, pages 191–193