Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ḥaṣ́ad-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Verb

*ḥaṣ́ad-

1. to reap, to crop

Conjugation

Conjugation of Proto-Semitic/ḥaṣ́ad- (paʕala)

verbal noun					*ḥaṣ́d-
active participle					*ḥāṣ́id-
passive participle					*ḥaṣ́īd-, *ḥaṣ́ūd-
		singular				dual				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
perfect	m	*ḥaṣ́adku	*ḥaṣ́adka	*ḥaṣ́ada		*ḥaṣ́adkayā	*ḥaṣ́adkā	*ḥaṣ́adā		*ḥaṣ́adna	*ḥaṣ́adkanu	*ḥaṣ́adū
	f		*ḥaṣ́adki	*ḥaṣ́adat				*ḥaṣ́adatā			*ḥaṣ́adkina	*ḥaṣ́adā
imperfect	m	*ʔaḥṣ́id	*taḥṣ́id	*yiḥṣ́id		*taḥṣ́idā	*yaḥṣ́idā	*niḥṣ́id		*taḥṣ́idū	*yiḥṣ́idū
	f		*taḥṣ́idī	*taḥṣ́id			*taḥṣ́idā			*taḥṣ́idā	*yiḥṣ́idā
imperative	m		*ḥaṣ́id			*ḥaṣ́idā				*ḥaṣ́idū
	f		*ḥaṣ́idī							*ḥaṣ́idā

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒊺𒆥𒋻 (eṣēdum)
• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic:
    • Arabic: خَضَدَ (ḵaḍada)
  • Northwest Semitic:
    • Aramaic:
      • Imperial Aramaic: 𐡇𐡑𐡃 (ḥṣd)
      • Palmyrene Aramaic: 𐡧𐡲𐡣 (ḥṣd)
      • Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: חְצֵד
      • Classical Syriac: ܚܨܶܕ (ḥṣeḏ)
      • Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: חֲצַד (ḥăṣaḏ)
      • → Arabic: حَصَدَ (ḥaṣada)
    • Canaanite:
      • Hebrew: (ousted by קָצַר (katsár, qāṣar) from *qaṣar- (“to cut short”))
  • Ethiopian Semitic:
    • Amharic: ዐጨደ (ʿäč̣č̣ädä)
    • Ge'ez: ዐፀደ (ʿäṣ́ädä)
    • Tigrinya: ዓጸደ (ʿaṣädä)

References

• Aro, Jussi (1963) “Gemeinsemitische Ackerbauterminologie”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (in German), volume 113, page 476
• Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 58