Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žiliti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Intensive causative of *želti (“to cause pain”) +‎ *-iti, with narrowing and elongation of the root vowel. Cognate with dialectal Lithuanian gėlioti (“to sting”).

For the dialectal Russian reflex, Vasmer presumes influence from synonymous *žędliti, whence standard Russian жа́лить (žálitʹ).

Verb

*žiliti impf (perfective *žilovati)

1. to bite (for vertebrates), to sting (for invertebrates)

   Synonym: *žędliti

Conjugation

Conjugation of *žiliti, *žili, *žilitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*žiľenьje	*žiliti	*žilitъ	*žililъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*žiľenъ	*žilimъ
Active	*žiľь	*žilę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*žilixъ	*žili	*žili	*žiľǫ	*žiliši	*žilitь
Dual	*žilixově	*žilista	*žiliste	*žilivě	*žilita	*žilite
Plural	*žilixomъ	*žiliste	*žilišę	*žilimъ	*žilite	*žilętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*žiľaaxъ	*žiľaaše	*žiľaaše	—	*žili	*žili
Dual	*žiľaaxově	*žiľaašeta	*žiľaašete	*žilivě	*žilita	—
Plural	*žiľaaxomъ	*žiľaašete	*žiľaaxǫ	*žilimъ	*žilite	—

Notes:
• (*)*žilivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Derived terms

• *žiľati
• *jьzžiliti
• *nažiliti
• *užiliti

Related terms

Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷelH-‎ (0 c, 8 e)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • ⇒ Russian: жиля́ть (žiljátʹ) (dialectal, technically reflects *žiľati)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: жи́ля (žílja)
  • Macedonian: жили (žili)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: жи̏лити (dialectal)

    Latin script: žȉliti (dialectal)

  • ⇒ Slovene: žíljati (dialectal, technically reflects *žiľati)

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “жилять”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “жиля, жилвам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 546