Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/cьrky

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Palatalized form of early *kь̀rky, borrowed from Old High German kirihha or late Proto-West Germanic *kirikā, from Koine Greek κυριακὸν (δῶμα) (kuriakòn (dôma), “Lord’s (house)”).

Noun

*cь̀rky f^[1]

temple
Synonym: *božьnica

Declension

Declension of *cь̀rky (hard v-stem, accent paradigm a)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*cь̀rky	*cь̀rkъvi	*cь̀rkъvi
genitive	*cь̀rkъve	*cь̀rkъvu	*cь̀rkъvъ
dative	*cь̀rkъvi	cь̀rkъvьma, cь̀rkъvama^*	cь̀rkъvьmъ, cь̀rkъvamъ^*
accusative	*cь̀rkъvь	*cь̀rkъvi	*cь̀rkъvi
instrumental	cь̀rkъvьjǫ, cь̀rkъvľǭ^**	cь̀rkъvьma, cь̀rkъvama^*	cь̀rkъvьmī, cь̀rkъvamī^*
locative	*cь̀rkъve	*cь̀rkъvu	cь̀rkъvьxъ, cь̀rkъvaxъ^*
vocative	*cь̀rky	*cь̀rkъvi	*cь̀rkъvi

^* -ьmъ/etc. are the original consonant-stem endings, while -amъ/etc. are later Common Slavic endings formed by analogy with a-stems.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: цьркꙑ (cĭrky), цьркъвь (cĭrkŭvĭ)
  - Old Ruthenian: це́рковъ (cérkov)
    - Belarusian: царква́ (carkvá)
    - Carpathian Rusyn: це́рков (cérkov), це́рьков (cérʹkov)
      - →? Pannonian Rusyn: церква (cerkva)
    - Ukrainian: це́рква (cérkva); це́рков (cérkov) (archaic)
  - Russian: це́рковь (cérkovʹ) (see there for further descendants)
  - → Old Novgorodian: цьркꙑ (cʹĭrky)
- Old Novgorodian: кьрькꙑ (kĭrĭky)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Glagolitic script: ⱌⱃⱐⰽⱏⰹ (crĭky)
  
  Old Cyrillic script: црькꙑ (crĭky)
  - Czech Old Church Slavonic: ⱌⰻⱃⱏⰽⱏⰺ (cirŭky); ⱌⰻⱃⱏⰽⱏⱀⱏ (cirŭkŭnŭ)^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]
  - Bulgarian: цъ́рква (cǎ́rkva), че́рква (čérkva)
  - Macedonian: црква (crkva)
  - → Old East Slavic: црькꙑ (crĭky), цръкꙑ (crŭky)
    - Old Ruthenian: црьковъ (crʹkov), цръковъ (crkov)
- Old Serbo-Croatian: crki
  - Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: цр̑ква
    
    Latin script: cȓkva
- Old Slovene: circuvah (loc. pl.)^[6]
  - Slovene: cẹ́rkəv (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: crkev, cierkev
  - Czech: církev
- Old Polish: cerkiew, cyrkiew, cerki, cyrki
  - Polish: cerkiew; cerkwa, cerkwia
    - → Old Ruthenian: церкевъ (cerkev)
- Old Slovak: cirkev
  - Slovak: cirkev
- Polabian: carťai
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: cerkwja, cerkwa, cerkwej, cerkej
  - Upper Sorbian: cyrkej, cyrkew

Non-Slavic:
- → Lithuanian: cerkvė

References

^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “cьrky”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (PR 133)”
^ “ⱌⰺⱃⱏⰽⱏⰲⰵ”, in Kiev Missal‎^[2] (in Old Church Slavonic), 915±35?, page (leaf) 6, line 4
^ Cejtlin, R.M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, E., editors (1994), “циркꙑ”, in Старославянский словарь (по рукописям X—XI веков) [Old Church Slavonic Dictionary (Based on 10–11th Century Manuscripts)] (overall work in Russian), Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 771
^ “ⱌⰻⱃⰽⱏⱀⰰⱑ”, in Kiev Missal‎^[3] (in Old Church Slavonic), 915±35?, page (leaf) 4.5, line 17
^ Cejtlin, R.M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, E., editors (1994), “циркънъ”, in Старославянский словарь (по рукописям X—XI веков) [Old Church Slavonic Dictionary (Based on 10–11th Century Manuscripts)] (overall work in Russian), Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 771
^ “ucircuvah”, in Freising manuscripts‎^[4], 1005±33, page 4 (2.2/159r), line 35

Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1976), “*cьrky”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 3 (*bratrьcь – *cьrky), Moscow: Nauka, page 198
Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999), “церковь”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 367
Vasmer, Max (1973), “церковь”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 4 (Т – Ящур), Moscow: Progress, page 300
Jaroslav Rudnyckyj (1972–1982), “церква”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language, volumes 2 (Д – Ь), Ottawa: Ukrainian Mohylo-Mazepian Academy of Sciences; Ukrainian Language Association, →LCCN, page 1098
Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2012), “церква”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 6 (У – Я), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 241

[1] Olander, Thomas (2001), “cьrky”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (PR 133)”

[2] “ⱌⰺⱃⱏⰽⱏⰲⰵ”, in Kiev Missal‎^[2] (in Old Church Slavonic), 915±35?, page (leaf) 6, line 4

[3] Cejtlin, R.M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, E., editors (1994), “циркꙑ”, in Старославянский словарь (по рукописям X—XI веков) [Old Church Slavonic Dictionary (Based on 10–11th Century Manuscripts)] (overall work in Russian), Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 771

[4] “ⱌⰻⱃⰽⱏⱀⰰⱑ”, in Kiev Missal‎^[3] (in Old Church Slavonic), 915±35?, page (leaf) 4.5, line 17

[5] Cejtlin, R.M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, E., editors (1994), “циркънъ”, in Старославянский словарь (по рукописям X—XI веков) [Old Church Slavonic Dictionary (Based on 10–11th Century Manuscripts)] (overall work in Russian), Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 771

[6] “ucircuvah”, in Freising manuscripts‎^[4], 1005±33, page 4 (2.2/159r), line 35

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