Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/esmъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *h₁smós. Cognates include Lithuanian ẽsame, Latin sumus.

Verb

*esmъ

1. first-person plural present of *byti

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: есмъ (jesmŭ)
    • Russian: есмы́ (jesmý) (archaic)
    • Ukrainian: єсьмо́ (jesʹmó) (archaic)
  • Old Novgorodian: есме (jesme), есмꙑ (jesmy)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: ѥсмъ (jesmŭ)
  • Bulgarian: сме (sme)
  • Macedonian: сме (sme), смо (smo) (dialectal), сне (sne) (dialectal)
  • Serbo-Croatian:
    • Cyrillic script: јесмо, смо
    • Latin script: jesmo, smo
  • Old Slovene: gezm
    • Slovene: smo
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: jsmy
    • Czech: jsme
  • Old Polish: jesmy
    • Polish: jesteśmy, -śmy
  • Pomeranian:
    • Kashubian: jesmë
    • Slovincian: jêsmë
  • Old Slovak: sme
    • Pannonian Rusyn: зме (zme)
    • Slovak: sme

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “есмы”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1985), “є”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (Д – Копці), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 175