Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьrgati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Factitive-iterative counterpart to *vergti +‎ *-ati.

Verb

*vьrgati impf

1. Alternative form of *vergti (“to cast, to throw”)

Alternative forms

• *vьrdzati (with third (progressive) palatalization)

Conjugation

Conjugation of *vьrgati, *vьrga, *vьrgajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*vьrganьje	*vьrgati	*vьrgatъ	*vьrgalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*vьrganъ	*vьrgajemъ
Active	*vьrgavъ	*vьrgaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*vьrgaxъ	*vьrga	*vьrga	*vьrgajǫ	*vьrgaješi	*vьrgajetь
Dual	*vьrgaxově	*vьrgasta	*vьrgaste	*vьrgajevě	*vьrgajeta	*vьrgajete
Plural	*vьrgaxomъ	*vьrgaste	*vьrgašę	*vьrgajemъ	*vьrgajete	*vьrgajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*vьrgaaxъ	*vьrgaaše	*vьrgaaše	—	*vьrgaji	*vьrgaji
Dual	*vьrgaaxově	*vьrgaašeta	*vьrgaašete	*vьrgajivě	*vьrgajita	—
Plural	*vьrgaaxomъ	*vьrgaašete	*vьrgaaxǫ	*vьrgajimъ	*vьrgajite	—

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old Belarusian: вергати (verhati)
    • Belarusian: вірга́цца (virhácca) (dialectal)
  • Russian: верга́ть (vergátʹ) (usually with prefixes); верза́ти (verzáti) (obsolete, XVI cent.)
  • Ukrainian: ве́рга́ти (vérháty)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: въ́ргам (vǎ́rgam) (dialectal)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: vrhat (< earlier vrci)
  • Polish: wierzgać
  • Slovak: vrhať
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: wierhać
    • Lower Sorbian: wiergaś

Further reading

• Anikin, A. E. (2012) “вергать”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), numbers 6 (вал – вершок), Moscow: LRC, Manuscript Monuments Ancient Rus, →ISBN, page 269
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982), “вергати”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1 (А – Г), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 352
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “въргам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 210