Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-si

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

• *-sï
• *-i
• *-ï

Suffix

*-si

1. Suffix equiping headword for third-person singular.

   ‎*tebe (“camel”) + ‎*-si → ‎*tebesi (“camel of (him/her/it); (his/her/its) camel”)

Usage notes

1. If the suffix comes to a word ending in a consonant, it takes *-i (or *-ï) form.

   ‎*eb (“house”) + ‎*-si → ‎*ebi (“house of (him/her/it); (his/her/its) house”)

   However, Oghur languages only use -i instead of -si after vowels, by deleting the last vowel and adding the suffix (*ingek-i → Proto-Oghur *ine-i → Chuvash ӗни (ĕni) "his/her cow", from ӗне (ĕne)).

2. This word has a feature where there is an "unstable n" that occurs only when it is conjugated, so the form becomes *-sI(n-).

   ‎*tebesi (“(his/her/its) camel”) + ‎*-si → ‎*tebesinte (“at (his/her/its) camel (locative)”)

Related terms

• *-niŋ (“genitive case”)
• *-im (“suffix equiping headword for first-person singular”)
• *-iŋ (“suffix equiping headword for second-person singular”)
• *-imiŕ (“suffix equiping headword for first-person plural”)
• *-iŋiŕ (“suffix equiping headword for second-person plural”)
• *-ki (“suffix used to form a an adjectival or nominal that that indicates the possessor”)

Etymology 2

Suffix

*-si

1. Suffix forming simulative verbs

Alternative reconstructions

• *-sī (by Clauson)

Related terms

• *-sin
• *-sük
• *-ümsin
• *-sig

Descendants

• Proto-Common Turkic:

• Kipchak:
  • Kipchak-Nogai:
    • Kazakh: -сі (-sı)

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972), “-sı:-/-si:-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page xlvi
• Erdal, Marcel (1991), “-sIg”, in Old Turkic Word Formation‎^[1], Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 70</ref>