Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-ki

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative forms

• *-kï
• *-gi
• *-gï

Etymology

For the sense 2, compare Proto-Mongolic *-ki, as in *manu-ki (“ours”).

Suffix

*-ki

1. Suffix used to form an adjectival or nominal meaning "that which belongs to.".

   ‎*eb (“house”) + ‎*-ki → ‎*ebdeki (“the one at the house”)

2. Indicates belonging to a person or group.

   ‎*biŕniŋ (“our”) + ‎*-ki → ‎*biŕniŋki (“ours”)

Usage notes

1. Unlike in some daughter languages, the Proto-Turkic form changes with vowel harmony.
2. This word has a feature where there is an "unstable n" that occurs only when it is conjugated, so the form becomes *-kI(n-).

   ‎*ebinki (“the house's (thing)”) + ‎*-ki → ‎*ebinkinde (“at the house's (thing)”)

Derived terms

• *-de-ki (“the one at”)

Related terms

• *-niŋ (“genitive case”)
• *-im (“suffix equiping headword for first-person”)
• *-iŋ (“suffix equiping headword for second-person”)
• *-si (“suffix equiping headword for third-person singular”)
• *-imiŕ (“suffix equiping headword for first-person plural”)
• *-iŋiŕ (“suffix equiping headword for second-person plural”)

Descendants

• Oghuz:
  • West Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish:
      • Azerbaijani: -ki, -kü
      • Ottoman Turkish:
        • Turkish: -ki, -kü
• Karluk:
  • Uzbek: -ki
• Kipchak:
  • South Kipchak:
    • Kazakh: -кі (-kı)
  • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: -ки (-ki), -кү (-kü), -кы (-kı), -ку (-ku), -ги (-gi), -гү (-gü), -гы (-gı)
• Siberian:
  • North Siberian:
    • Yakut: -ги (-gi) (Attested in only pronouns.)