Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kām

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

*kiam.

Noun

*kām

1. (shamanism, religion) shaman

Declension

Declension of *kām

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*kām
Accusative	*kāmnï, *kāmïg 4), *kāmnïg 1)
Genitive	*kāmnïŋ
Dative	*kāmka
Locative	*kāmda
Ablative	*kāmdan
Allative	*kāmgaru
Instrumental 2)	*kāmïn
Equative 2)	*kāmča
Similative 2)	*kāmlayu
Comitative 2)	*kāmlïgu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Derived terms

• *kām-čï (“that one who shamanizes”)
  • Oghur:
    • Chuvash: юмҫӑ (jumś̬ă)
  • Kipchak:
    • West Kipchak:
      • Karaim: kamdžy
• *kām-la- (“to shamanize”)
  • Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Southern Altai: камдаар (kamdaar)

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: юмӑҫ (jumăś)

• Common Turkic: *kām
• Oghuz:
  • Turkish: kam
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: [script needed] (kām)
    • → Persian: قام (qâm)
• Kipchak:
  • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    • Southern Altai: кам (kam)
• Siberian:
  • North Siberian:
    • ⇒ Dolgan: камнаа (kamnaa)
    • ⇒ Yakut: хамнаа (qamnaa), хамсаа (qamsaa)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tofa: һам (ham)
      • Tuvan: хам (xam)
    • Yeniseian:
      • Khakas: хам (xam)
      • Shor: қам (qam)

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “ka:m”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 625
• Tekin, Talât (1995) Türk Dillerinde Birincil Uzun Ünlüler [Primary Long Vowels in Turkic Languages] (Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları Dizisi; 13)‎^[1], Ankara: T.C. Kültür Bakanlığı, →ISBN, page 101
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kiam”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[2], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 228
• Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20)‎^[3] (in German), volume 3, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, pages 402-406
• Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (1997) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 5, Moscow: Jazyki russkoj kulʹtury, pages 240-241
• al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume III, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 157