Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kǖč

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Nişanyan suggests an irregular deverbal of a hypothetical *kü- (“to force, to be powerful”), though this explanation fails to address *-č, which is not a regular suffix in Proto-Turkic.

Noun

*kǖč (Common Turkic)

1. force, strength, power

Declension

Declension of *kǖč (Common Turkic)

	singular	plural 2)
nominative	*kǖč	*kǖčler
accusative
genitive	*kǖčniŋ	*kǖčlerniŋ
dative	*kǖčke	*kǖčlerke
locative	*kǖčte	*kǖčlerde
ablative	*kǖčten	*kǖčlerden
instrumental 1)		*kǖčlerin
equative 1)	*kǖčče	*kǖčlerče

¹⁾ The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Common Turkic languages.
²⁾ This plural suffix is used only on Common Turkic, and not in Oghur. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Derived terms

• *kǖč-e- (“to compel”)
• *kǖč-le- (“to oppress, use violence”)
• *kǖč-lig (“powerful”)
• *kǖč-lik (“strength”)
• *kǖč-siŕ (“powerless”)
• *kǖčgey (“violent, difficult”)

Descendants

• Arghu
  • Khalaj: kîç, kü̂ç
• Oghuz
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: güc
    • Ottoman Turkish: گوچ (güç), گوچ, كوج, گوج
      • Gagauz: güç
      • Turkish: güç
  • Salar: küş
  • Turkmen: güýç
• Karluk
  • Karakhanid: كُوجْ (kǖč)
  • Khorezmian Turkic: كوچ (küč)
    • Chagatai: كوچ (küç)
      • Uyghur: كۈچ (küch)
      • Uzbek: kuch
    • → Arabic: كُوج (kūj)
    • → Persian: کوچ (kuč)
• Kipchak: كوچ (küč)
  • North Kipchak
    • Bashkir: көс (kös)
    • Tatar: көч (köç)
  • West Kipchak
    • Crimean Tatar: küç
    • Karachay-Balkar: кюч (küç)
    • Karaim: küč
    • Kumyk: гюч (güç)
  • Central Kipchak
    • Karakalpak: kúsh
    • Kazakh: күш (küş)
    • Nogai: куьш (küş)
  • East Kipchak
    • Kyrgyz: күч (küc)
    • Southern Altai: кӱч (küč)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰚𐰇𐰲 (küč /⁠küč⁠/)
  • Old Uyghur: 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽 (kwyc /⁠küč⁠/)
  • Northern Siberian:
    • Dolgan: күүс (küüs)
    • Yakut: күүс (küüs)
  • Southern Siberian:
    • Yenisei Turkic:
      • Khakas: кӱс (küs)
      • Shor: кӱш (küš)
    • Sayan Turkic:
      • Tuvan: күш (küş)
      • Tofa: күш (küš)
• →? Proto-Mongolic: *kücin
  • Mongolian: хүч (xüč)
  • Monguor:
    • Mangghuer: kuji
    • Mongghul: kuji
• →? Rouran: [script needed] (*küǰü)

References

• Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*kǖč”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
• Clauson, Gerard (1972), “kü:ç”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 693
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “güç”, in Nişanyan Sözlük