Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kẹli

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Similarity to Proto-Tungusic *xelńe (“mortar”), may have explains the early form of *kelńi, which is also preserved in Hungarian and Siberian Tatar. (?)

Noun

*kẹli

1. mortar

Declension

Declension of *kẹli

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*kẹli
Accusative	*kẹlini, *kẹlig 4), *kẹlinig 1)
Genitive	*kẹliniŋ
Dative	*kẹlike
Locative	*kẹlide
Ablative	*kẹliden
Allative	*kẹligerü
Instrumental 2)	*kẹlin
Equative 2)	*kẹliče
Similative 2)	*kẹlileyü
Comitative 2)	*kẹliligü

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: килӗ (kilĕ)
    • → Hungarian: kölyű
• Common Turkic:

• Karluk:
  • Uzbek: keli
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: киле (kile)
    • Tatar: киле (kile)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Karachay-Balkar: кели (keli)
    • Kumyk: кели (keli)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Kazakh: келi (keli)
• Siberian:
  • Siberian Tatar: кейле (keyle)
  • North Siberian:
    • Dolgan: кэлии (kelii)
    • Yakut: кэлии (kelii)

References

• Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (1997) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 5, Moscow: Jazyki russkoj kulʹtury, page 33
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kẹli”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill