Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kumursga

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative forms

*kïmïrsga, *kumïrsga

Etymology

Perhaps analyzable as *kumur- (“to gnaw”) +‎ *-ga, the latter being a common ending in animal names.

Noun

*kumursga

ant
Synonyms: *karïnčga, *čümeli

Reconstruction notes

Suffixation varies greatly between descendants. Oldest attestations, however, point to a *kumur(s)-ga, and so is adopted here.

Declension

Declension of *kumursga
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*kumursga
accusative	kumursgag, kumursganï¹⁾
genitive	*kumursganïŋ
dative	*kumursgaka
locative	*kumursgada
ablative	*kumursgadan
allative	*kumursgagaru
instrumental ²⁾	*kumursgan
equative ²⁾	*kumursgača
similative ²⁾	*kumursgalayu
comitative ²⁾	*kumursgalïgu

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Proto-Common Turkic:

Arghu: *kumur(s)-gač
- Khalaj: qumurğâç
Oghuz: *kumur(s)-gan
- Salar: gumısgan
Karluk: *kumurs-ga
- Khorezmian Turkic: قومرصقا (qumurṣqa)
  - Chagatai: [script needed] (qumursɣa)
    - Uzbek: qumursqa
      - → Turkmen: gumursga
Kipchak: *kumurs-ga
- Mamluk-Kipchak: [script needed] (qumursqa)
- Kipchak-Bulgar:
  - Bashkir: ҡырмыҫҡа (qırmıśqa)
  - Tatar: кырмыска (qırmısqa)
- Kipchak-Cuman:
  - Crimean Tatar: qımırsqa, qırmısqa
  - Karachay-Balkar: къумурсха (qumursxa)
  - Karaim: kumuska, kumurstka
  - Kumyk: хомурсгъа (xomursğa)
- Kipchak-Nogai:
  - Kazakh: құмырсқа (qūmyrsqa)
  - Nogai: кумырска (kumırska)
- Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: кумурска (kumurska)
  - Southern Altai: комурска (komurska), кумурска (kumurska)
Siberian Turkic:
- Old Uyghur: 𐰴𐰆𐰢𐰆𐰺𐰽𐰍𐰀 (qumur¹s¹ǧa /⁠ḳumursġa⁠/) (hapax legomenon)
- North Siberian Turkic: *kumurs-da(ń)-gač
  - Yakut: кымырдаҕас (kïmïrdağas)
- South Siberian Turkic: *kumurs-ga(k)
  - Sayan:
    - Tuvan: кымыскаяк (kımıskayak), һымысқа (Soyot Turkic)
    - Tofa: һымысӄа (hımısqa)
  - Yenisei:
    - Khakas: хымысха (xımısxa)
    - Shor: қымысқаш (qımısqaš)
  - Northern Altai: комыскаш (komïskaš), комысхаш (komïshaš)