Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yārtu

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *yār- (“to split”).

Noun

*yārtu

1. something split off
2. (Oghur) candle, torch

Declension

Declension of *yārtu

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*yārtu
Accusative	*yārtug, *yārtunï1)
Genitive	*yārtunïŋ
Dative	*yārtuka
Locative	*yārtuda
Ablative	*yārtudan
Allative	*yārtugaru
Instrumental 2)	*yārtun
Equative 2)	*yārtuča
Similative 2)	*yārtulayu
Comitative 2)	*yārtulïgu

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: ҫурта (śurt̬a, “candle”)
  • → Hungarian: gyertya (“candle”)
  • → Komi-Zyrian: сартас (sartas, “tea-urn”)
• Common Turkic: *yārtu

• Oghuz:
  • Turkmen: ýārty (“half”)
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: يَرْتُو (“chip”)
• Kipchak:
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Kazakh: жарты (jarty, “half”)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic:
    • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yartu, “wood; strait, ravine”)
  • South Siberian:
    • Shor: [script needed] (čarta)

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 959
• al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 30
• Wilkens, Jens (2021) Handworterbuch des Altuigurischen, Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 871
• Ünal, Orçun (March 2023) “Proto-Turkic/yārtu”, in Kayıp Bir Dilin İzinde: Tarihi bir Türk Lehçesinin Avrasya Dillerindeki Örtük İzleri [In Search of a Lost Language: Implicit Traces of a Historical Turkic Dialect in Eurasian Languages]‎^[1], 1st edition, Çanakkale: Paradigma Akademi, →ISBN, page 81