Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yẹŋ-

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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

A possible borrowing from Middle Chinese 贏 (yeng, “to win”).

Verb[edit]

*yẹŋ-

  1. (transitive) to win
    Synonym: *ut-

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of *yẹŋ- (Common Turkic)

Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.

Positive
infinitive *yẹŋmek
participle present *yẹŋgen, yẹŋügme, yẹŋür
past *yẹŋdük, yẹŋmiš
future *yẹŋdeči, yẹŋmekči, yẹŋsik, yẹŋeček
verbal noun *yẹŋme, yẹŋüg, yẹŋgü
way of doing *yẹŋüš
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
*ben *sen *ol *biz *siz *olar
indicative aorist *yẹŋür ben *yẹŋür sen *yẹŋür *yẹŋür biz *yẹŋür siz *yẹŋür
past simple *yẹŋdüm *yẹŋdüŋ *yẹŋdi *yẹŋdük, yẹŋdümüz *yẹŋdüŋüz *yẹŋdi
inferential *yẹŋmiš ben *yẹŋmiš sen *yẹŋmiš *yẹŋmiš biz *yẹŋmiš siz *yẹŋmiš
future simple *yẹŋdeči ben, yẹŋmekči ben, yẹŋeček ben *yẹŋdeči sen, yẹŋmekči sen, yẹŋeček sen *yẹŋdeči, yẹŋmekči, yẹŋeček *yẹŋdeči biz, yẹŋmekči biz, yẹŋeček biz *yẹŋdeči siz, yẹŋmekči siz, yẹŋeček siz *yẹŋdeči, yẹŋmekči, yẹŋeček
predictive *yẹŋgey ben *yẹŋgey sen *yẹŋgey *yẹŋgey biz *yẹŋgey siz *yẹŋgey
necessitive *yẹŋsüküm *yẹŋsüküŋ *yẹŋsük *yẹŋsükümüz *yẹŋsüküŋüz *yẹŋsük
conditional *yẹŋsem, yẹŋser ben *yẹŋseŋ, yẹŋser sen *yẹŋse, yẹŋser *yẹŋsek, yẹŋsemiz, yẹŋser biz *yẹŋseŋiz, yẹŋser siz *yẹŋseler, yẹŋser
optative *yẹŋgey ben *yẹŋgey sen *yẹŋgey *yẹŋgey biz *yẹŋgey siz *yẹŋgey
progressive *yẹŋmekde ben *yẹŋmekde sen *yẹŋmekde *yẹŋmekde biz *yẹŋmekde siz *yẹŋmekde
necessitative *yẹŋmelig ben *yẹŋmelig sen *yẹŋmelig *yẹŋmelig biz *yẹŋmelig siz *yẹŋmelig
imperative *yẹŋeyin *yẹŋ, yẹŋgil *yẹŋzün *yẹŋelim *yẹŋüŋ *yẹŋzün
Negative
infinitive *yẹŋmemek
participle present *yẹŋmegen, yẹŋmegme, yẹŋmez
past *yẹŋmedük, yẹŋmemiš
future *yẹŋmeči, yẹŋmesik, yẹŋmeyeček
verbal noun *yẹŋmeme, yẹŋmeg, yẹŋmegü
way of doing *yẹŋmeyüš
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
*ben *sen *ol *biz *siz *olar
indicative aorist *yẹŋmez ben *yẹŋmez sen *yẹŋmez *yẹŋmez biz *yẹŋmez siz *yẹŋmez
past simple *yẹŋmedüm *yẹŋmedüŋ *yẹŋmedi *yẹŋmedük, yẹŋmedümüz *yẹŋmedüŋüz *yẹŋmedi
inferential *yẹŋmemiš ben *yẹŋmemiš sen *yẹŋmemiš *yẹŋmemiš biz *yẹŋmemiš siz *yẹŋmemiš
future simple *yẹŋmeči ben, yẹŋmeyeček ben *yẹŋmeči sen, yẹŋmeyeček sen *yẹŋmeči, yẹŋmeyeček *yẹŋmeči biz, yẹŋmeyeček biz *yẹŋmeči siz, yẹŋmeyeček siz *yẹŋmeči, yẹŋmeyeček
predictive *yẹŋmegey ben *yẹŋmegey sen *yẹŋmegey *yẹŋmegey biz *yẹŋmegey siz *yẹŋmegey
necessitive *yẹŋmesüküm *yẹŋmesüküŋ *yẹŋmesük *yẹŋmesükümüz *yẹŋmesüküŋüz *yẹŋmesük
conditional *yẹŋmesem, yẹŋmeser ben *yẹŋmeseŋ, yẹŋmeser sen *yẹŋmese, yẹŋmeser *yẹŋmesek, yẹŋmesemiz, yẹŋmeser biz *yẹŋmeseŋiz, yẹŋmeser siz *yẹŋmeseler, yẹŋmeser
optative *yẹŋmegey ben *yẹŋmegey sen *yẹŋmegey *yẹŋmegey biz *yẹŋmegey siz *yẹŋmegey
progressive *yẹŋmemekde ben *yẹŋmemekde sen *yẹŋmemekde *yẹŋmemekde biz *yẹŋmemekde siz *yẹŋmemekde
necessitative *yẹŋmemelig ben *yẹŋmemelig sen *yẹŋmemelig *yẹŋmemelig biz *yẹŋmemelig siz *yẹŋmemelig
imperative *yẹŋmeyeyin *yẹŋme, yẹŋmegil *yẹŋmezün *yẹŋmeyelim *yẹŋmeyiŋ *yẹŋmezün

Descendants[edit]

  • Oghur:
    • Chuvash: ҫӗн (śĕn)
  • Common Turkic:
  • Arghu:
  • Oghuz:
  • Karluk:
  • Kipchak:
    • North Kipchak:
      • Bashkir:
      • Tatar:
    • West Kipchak:
      • Crimean Tatar: yeñmek
      • Kumyk: енгмек (yeñmek)
      • Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (jeñ-)
      • Karaim: [script needed] (yeñg-)
    • South Kipchak:
  • Siberian:
    • South Siberian:
      • Yenisei:
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