Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bōnijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *bōn (“pretty, shining”) +‎ *-jan.

Verb

*bōnijan

1. to make shiny
2. to make pretty

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*bōnijan
1st sg. past	*bōnidā
Infinitive	*bōnijan
Genitive infin.	*bōnijannjas
Dative infin.	*bōnijannjē
Instrum. infin.	*bōnijannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*bōniju	*bōnidā
2nd singular	*bōnisi	*bōnidēs, *bōnidōs
3rd singular	*bōniþi	*bōnidē, *bōnidā
1st plural	*bōnijum	*bōnidum
2nd plural	*bōniþ	*bōnidud
3rd plural	*bōnijanþ	*bōnidun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*bōnijē	*bōnidī
2nd singular	*bōnijēs	*bōnidī
3rd singular	*bōnijē	*bōnidī
1st plural	*bōnijēm	*bōnidīm
2nd plural	*bōnijēþ	*bōnidīd
3rd plural	*bōnijēn	*bōnidīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*bōni
Plural	*bōniþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*bōnijandī	*bōnid

Related terms

• *bōnōn

Descendants

• Old Frisian: *bēna
  • West Frisian: biene, bjinne, binzgje
• Old Saxon: *bōnian
  • Middle Low German: bōnen
    • Low German: bonen
    • → Danish: bone
    • → Norwegian: bone
    • → Swedish: bona
    • → German: bohnen
    • → German: bohnern
• Old Dutch: *buonen
  • Middle Dutch: boenen
    • Dutch: boenen
      • ⇒ Afrikaans: boener
• Old High German: *buonen
  • Middle High German: büenen