Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/drakō

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin dracō (“dragon”).

Noun

*drakō m^[1]

dragon

Inflection

Masculine an-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*drakō
Genitive	drakini, drakan
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*drakō	*drakan
Accusative	*drakan	*drakan
Genitive	drakini, drakan	*drakanō
Dative	drakini, drakan	*drakum
Instrumental	drakini, drakan	*drakum

Descendants

Old English: draca, dræce
- Middle English: drake
  - English: drake
- → Old West Norse: dreki^[2]^[3]^[4] (via* dræce; or ← Old Saxon/Middle Low German)^[3]^[4]
  - Faroese: dreki
  - Icelandic: dreki
Old Frisian: *draka
- West Frisian: draak (possibly borrowed from Dutch)
Old Saxon: *drako
- Middle Low German: drāke, drake
  - German Low German: Drake
  - → Norwegian Nynorsk: drake; (dialectal) drakkji, dragje, draga^[5]^[6]
    - → Norwegian Bokmål: drake
  - → Old Danish: draghæ^[6]
    - Danish: drage
      - Norwegian Bokmål: drage
  - → Old Swedish: draki
    - Swedish: drake^[7] (see there for further descendants)
    - → Elfdalian: dratji
Old Dutch: *draco
- Middle Dutch: drāke
  - Dutch: draak
    - Afrikaans: draak
  - Limburgish: draagk, draogk
  - West Flemish: droake
Old High German: trahho, tracho, trakko, tracko
- Middle High German: trache
  - Alemannic German: Traach
  - Bavarian: Drack
  - German: Drache
  - Luxembourgish: Draach
  - Rhine Franconian:
    Pennsylvania German: Drach
  - Vilamovian: draoch

References

^ Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014), The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 136: “PWGmc *drakō”
^ Fischer, Frank (1909), “6: Englisch-lateinische Lehnwörter”, in Die Lehnwörter des Altwestnordischen‎^[1] (in German), Berlin: Mayer & Müller, page 47: “dreki m., 'Drache’ : ae. draca (oder ir. drac Indfl. S. 202), l. draco.”
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Philippa, Marlies; Debrabandere, Frans; Quak, Arend; Schoonheim, Tanneke; van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009), “draak”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎^[2] (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press: “on. dreki ‘draak; vikingschip’ (< oe. of mnd.)”
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 de Vries, Jan (1971), “draak”, in Nederlands etymologisch woordenboek [Dutch etymological dictionary] (in Dutch), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN: “on. dreki is uit het oe. of uit het mnd. ontleend”
^ Torp, Alf (1919), “drake”, in Nynorsk Etymologisk Ordbok, Oslo: H. Aschehoug and Co. (W. Nygaard)
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 van der Sijs, Nicoline (2010), “draak”, in Nederlandse woorden wereldwijd [Dutch words worldwide]‎^[3] (in Dutch), The Hague: Sdu Uitgevers, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 283
^ Philippa, Marlies; Debrabandere, Frans; Quak, Arend; Schoonheim, Tanneke; van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009), “draak”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎^[4] (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press: “nzw. drake ‘draak’, drakkar ‘vikingschip’, letterlijk ‘draken’ < mnd.”

[1] Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014), The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 136: “PWGmc *drakō”

[2] Fischer, Frank (1909), “6: Englisch-lateinische Lehnwörter”, in Die Lehnwörter des Altwestnordischen‎^[1] (in German), Berlin: Mayer & Müller, page 47: “dreki m., 'Drache’ : ae. draca (oder ir. drac Indfl. S. 202), l. draco.”

[EWN-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Philippa, Marlies; Debrabandere, Frans; Quak, Arend; Schoonheim, Tanneke; van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009), “draak”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎^[2] (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press: “on. dreki ‘draak; vikingschip’ (< oe. of mnd.)”

[NEW-4] 4.0 ^4.1 de Vries, Jan (1971), “draak”, in Nederlands etymologisch woordenboek [Dutch etymological dictionary] (in Dutch), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN: “on. dreki is uit het oe. of uit het mnd. ontleend”

[5] Torp, Alf (1919), “drake”, in Nynorsk Etymologisk Ordbok, Oslo: H. Aschehoug and Co. (W. Nygaard)

[NWW-6] 6.0 ^6.1 van der Sijs, Nicoline (2010), “draak”, in Nederlandse woorden wereldwijd [Dutch words worldwide]‎^[3] (in Dutch), The Hague: Sdu Uitgevers, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 283

[7] Philippa, Marlies; Debrabandere, Frans; Quak, Arend; Schoonheim, Tanneke; van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009), “draak”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎^[4] (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press: “nzw. drake ‘draak’, drakkar ‘vikingschip’, letterlijk ‘draken’ < mnd.”

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