Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/frafal(i)

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain; possibly from *fra- (“fully”) +‎ *fali (“evil, cruel”), or alternatively from *fra- +‎ *afl (“strength, power”) +‎ *-ī.

Adjective

*frafal(i)

1. impudent, bold, defiant

Inflection

a-stem
Singular	Masculine
Nominative	*frafal
Genitive	*frafalas
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*frafal	*frafalu	*frafal
Accusative	*frafalanā	*frafalā	*frafal
Genitive	*frafalas	*frafaleʀā	*frafalas
Dative	*frafalumē	*frafaleʀē	*frafalumē
Instrumental	*frafalu	*frafaleʀu	*frafalu
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*frafalē	*frafalō	*frafalu
Accusative	*frafalā	*frafalā	*frafalu
Genitive	*frafaleʀō	*frafaleʀō	*frafaleʀō
Dative	*frafalēm, *frafalum	*frafalēm, *frafalum	*frafalēm, *frafalum
Instrumental	*frafalēm, *frafalum	*frafalēm, *frafalum	*frafalēm, *frafalum

ja-stem
Singular	Masculine
Nominative	*frafali
Genitive	*frafalljas
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*frafali	*frafallju	*frafali
Accusative	*frafalljanā	*frafalljā	*frafali
Genitive	*frafalljas	*frafalljeʀā	*frafalljas
Dative	*frafalljumē	*frafalljeʀē	*frafalljumē
Instrumental	*frafallju	*frafalljeʀu	*frafallju
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*frafalljē	*frafalljō	*frafallju
Accusative	*frafalljā	*frafalljā	*frafallju
Genitive	*frafalljeʀō	*frafalljeʀō	*frafalljeʀō
Dative	*frafalljēm, *frafalljum	*frafalljēm, *frafalljum	*frafalljēm, *frafalljum
Instrumental	*frafalljēm, *frafalljum	*frafalljēm, *frafalljum	*frafalljēm, *frafalljum

Alternative reconstructions

• *frafalu, *frafl(ī)

Derived terms

• *frafalārī
• *frafalēn
• *frafalī
  • Old Saxon: *fravalī
    • Middle Low German: vrevele, vrevel
  • Old High German: frafalī, frafalīn, frafilī, fravalī
• *frafalīg
  • Old Saxon: *fravalīg
    • Middle Low German: frevelig, vrēvelich
      • German Low German: wrevelig
  • Old Dutch: *fravalig
    • Middle Dutch: vrevelich
      • Dutch: wrevelig
  • ⇒ Old High German: frafalīgo, fravalīgo (adverb)
• *frafalihaidu
• *frafalilīk
  • Old Saxon: *fravillīk
    • Middle Low German: frevellich, frevelich
  • Old High German: frafallīh, fravallīh
    • Middle High German: vrevellich
• *frafalilīkō
• *frafalimōd
• *frafalidādi
• *frafalō
• *frafalu

Descendants

• Old English: fræfel, fræfele, fræfeli, *frefel, frævol
  • >? Scots: frewall
• Old Frisian: frevel
  • Saterland Frisian: friewel
• Old Saxon: frabol, fravol
  • Middle Low German: vrêvel, vrevel, frêvel, wrevel, vreffel
• Old Dutch: *fravali
  • Middle Dutch: vrevel
    • Dutch: wrevel (see there for further descendants)
• Old High German: frafali, fravali
  • Middle High German: vrevel, vrävel, vrevele, vrabel, vrebel
    • German: frevel, frebels
• → Medieval Latin: frafalius, farfalius (“empty, trifling, worthless, frivolous”)