Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ī
 |
This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *-į̄.
Suffix
[edit]*-ī f
- -ness, -th. Forms abstract nouns from adjectives which represent the state, quality or measure of the adjective.
Inflection
[edit]| īn-stem | ||
|---|---|---|
| Singular | ||
| Nominative | *-ī | |
| Genitive | *-īn | |
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *-ī | — |
| Accusative | *-īn | — |
| Genitive | *-īn | — |
| Dative | *-īn | — |
| Instrumental | *-īn | — |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Old English: -u (even after long syllables, e.g. ieldu, brǣdu)
- Middle English: -e
- Old Frisian: -e
- Old Saxon: -i
- Middle Low German: -e
- Old Dutch: *-i
- Old High German: -ī
Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *-jaz.
Suffix
[edit]*-ī
- Forms adjectives from verbs and nouns.
Inflection
[edit]| ja-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Masculine | ||
| Nominative | *-ī | ||
| Genitive | *-ijas | ||
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *-ī | *-iju | *-ī |
| Accusative | *-ijanā | *-ijā | *-ī |
| Genitive | *-ijas | *-ijeʀā | *-ijas |
| Dative | *-ijumē | *-ijeʀē | *-ijumē |
| Instrumental | *-iju | *-ijeʀu | *-iju |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *-ijē | *-ijō | *-iju |
| Accusative | *-ijā | *-ijā | *-iju |
| Genitive | *-ijeʀō | *-ijeʀō | *-ijeʀō |
| Dative | *-ijēm, *-ijum | *-ijēm, *-ijum | *-ijēm, *-ijum |
| Instrumental | *-ijēm, *-ijum | *-ijēm, *-ijum | *-ijēm, *-ijum |
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]A conflation of multiple suffixes:
- In the masculine and feminine nominative plural, from Proto-Germanic *-īz, from Proto-Indo-European *-eyes (i-stem accusative plural), from *-is (i-stem suffix) + *-es (nominative plural suffix).
- In the masculine and feminine accusative plural, from Proto-Germanic *-inz, from Proto-Indo-European *-ims (i-stem accusative plural), from *-is (i-stem suffix) + *-ms (accusative plural suffix).
- In the neuter nominative and accusative plural, from Proto-Germanic *-ī, from Proto-Indo-European *-ih₂ (neuter i-stem plural), from *-is (i-stem suffix) + *-h₂ (neuter plural suffix).
Suffix
[edit]- Forms the nominative/accusative plural of i-stem nouns.
Alternative reconstructions
[edit]- *-į̄ (masculine/feminine accusative plural)
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Fulk, R[obert] D. (September 2018), “Nouns”, in A Comparative Grammar of the Early Germanic Languages (Studies in Germanic Linguistics; 3)[1], Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, , →ISBN, →LCCN, § 7.21, page 161.
- ^ Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014), The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 114
Categories:
- Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Proto-West Germanic lemmas
- Proto-West Germanic suffixes
- Proto-West Germanic noun-forming suffixes
- Proto-West Germanic feminine suffixes
- Proto-West Germanic īn-stem nouns
- Proto-West Germanic adjective-forming suffixes
- Proto-West Germanic ja-stem adjectives
- Proto-West Germanic inflectional suffixes