User:TheSilverWolf98/Uralic Reconstructions

Ante Aikio, "Studies in Uralic Etymology III - Mari Etymologies

Proto-Khanty

• *ńï̄ṇč- "to stretch" < Proto-Uralic *ńënča- ~ *ńanča-
• *pīt- "to come somewhere"

Proto-Mansi

• *ńūnš- "to stretch" < Proto-Uralic *ńënča- ~ *ńanča-
• *pät- "to fall, moult"

Proto-Mari

• *jĭme- "to go numb; to be blinded"
• *jåma- "to disappear; to get lost"
• *jĭdäŋ "bowstring" < Proto-Uralic *jänteŋ
• *jĭžəŋ "joint" < Proto-Uralic *jäsen
• *jĭlmə "tongue" < Proto-Uralic *ńälmä
• *jĭčke- "to pick, pluck, pull" < Proto-Uralic *ńičkä-
• *nĭl "four" < Proto-Uralic *neljä
• *kowə "wave" < Proto-Uralic *kompa
• *liwə "warm" < Proto-Uralic *lämpe
• *lom "bird cherry" < Proto-Uralic *ďëme
• *pu "tree"
• *nünčək "dough"
• *nünčä- "to shape, stretch" < Proto-Uralic *ńënča- ~ *ńanča-
• *üp "head hair" < Proto-Uralic *ëpte
• *ülə- "under" < Proto-Uralic *ëla
• *šüm "scale" < Proto-Uralic *sëme
• *sün "vein, sinew" < Proto-Uralic *sëne
• *šüdə "hundred" < Proto-Uralic *śëta
• *nülə "arrow" < Proto-Uralic *ńële
• *nürə "flexible" < Proto-Uralic *ńëre
• *nürgə "cartilage" < Proto-Uralic *ńërke
• *lüdä- "to be afraid" < Proto-Uralic *lëdV-
• *pĭće- "to hold, cling to" < Proto-Uralic *pitä-
• *ĭćä "older brother" < Proto-Uralic *ićä ~ *ećä
• *pĭćəlmə "rowan" < Proto-Uralic *pVćVlV- ~ *pVćVrV-
• *ćĭgəlte- "to tickle" < Proto-Uralic *ćikeltä-
• *ići "little"
• *kĭćke- "harness" < Proto-Uralic *kütke-
• *wĭć ~ *wĭćət "five" < Proto-Uralic *wij(i)t(t)i
• *pŭrat "you bite" < Proto-Uralic *purit
• *pŭrə̈ć "you bit" < Proto-Uralic *purijit

Proto-Mordvinic

• *jomə- "to disappear; to get lost"

Proto-Permic

• *ĭćĭ "little"

Proto-Samic

• *jāmē- "to die; to go numb"

Proto-Samoyedic

• *jämpə- "to warm" < Proto-Uralic *lämpe
• *lërV- "to be afraid" < Proto-Uralic *lëdV-
• *jom "snow" < Proto-Uralic *lume
• *jəptå "dew" < Proto-Uralic *lupsa
• *jäsä- "to cover" < Proto-Uralic *läśä-
• *lë "bone" < Proto-Uralic *lëwe
• *lïmpə "bog, swamp"
• *lïntə "plain, lowland" < Proto-Uralic *lënte
• *ləmto "low" < Proto-Uralic *lamtV- "to crouch down"
• *jëpsə ~ *lëpsə "cradle" < Proto-Uralic *lëpśe

Proto-Uralic

• *kale- "to die"
• *jänteŋ "bowstring"
• *jäsen "joint"
• *ńälmä "tongue"
• *ńičkä- "to pluck, pull, tear"
• *neljä "four"
• *kompa "wave"
• *lämpe "warm"
• *ďëme "bird cherry"
• *śänä "bracket fungus"
• *wäŋew "son-in-law"
• *ńënča- ~ *ńanča- "to stretch"
• *ëpte "head hair"
• *ëla "under"
• *sëme "scale"
• *sëne "vein, sinew"
• *śëta "hundred"
• *ńële "arrow"
• *mërja "berry"
• *ńëre "flexible"
• *ńërke "cartilage"
• *lëdV- "to be afraid"
• *kuda- "to weave"
• *wideme "marrow"
• *kaďa- "to leave behind"
• *puďa- "to break"
• *śoďa- "to scold, curse"
• *śüďe "charcoal"
• *wuďe "new"
• *lume "snow"
• *lupsa "dew"
• *läśä- "to cover"
• *lëwe "bone"
• *lënte "lowland, plain"
• *lamtV- "to crouch down"
• *lëpśe "cradle"
• *pitä- "to hold, cling to"
• *ićä ~ *ećä "older brother"
• *pVćVlV- ~ *pVćVrV- "rowan"
• *ćikeltä- "to tickle"
• *kütke- "harness"
• *wij(i)t(t)i "five"
• *purit "you bite"
• *purijit "you bit"

Ante Aikio, "On The Reconstruction of Proto-Mari Vocalism"

Proto-Mari

• *ludə “grey”
• *lŭdə “duck”
• *šur “horn”
• *šŭr “shit”
• *tul “storm”
• *tŭl “fire”
• *šuldə “cheap”
• *šŭldər “wing”
• *kuškam “I grow up”
• *kŭškedam “I tear apart”
• *šüdə “hundred”
• *šü̆dər “spindle”
• *kiš “resin”
• *kĭškem “I throw; I pour”
• *kü̆pš “nap, fuzz, pill”
• *ĭške “reflexive pronoun”
• *kü̆ćə “knife”
• *wü̆r “blood” < Proto-Uralic *were
• *tü̆rwə “lip”
• *šü̆rgə “cheek, face”
• *kü̆ram “I tear off”
• *tüčä- ~ *čüčä- "to close a door"
• *čüče- "to make a hole; to drip"
• *čüčke- "to shake one's body"
• *nüle "arrow" < Proto-Uralic *ńële
• *kü "stone" < Proto-Uralic *kiwe
• *mü "honey"
• *pü "tooth" < Proto-Uralic *piŋe
• *sü "pus" < Proto-Uralic *säje
• *šü "charcoal; neck" < Proto-Uralic *śüďe (charcoal); Proto-Uralic *śepä (neck)
• *ürdəž "side"
• *igə "young (of animals)"
• *ik "one"
• *ikśa "small bay"
• *ićə "small"
• *iskə "wedge"
• *kit "hand"
• *lišan "near"
• *pidam "I bind"
• *piks "arrow"
• *piktem "I strangle"
• *pistə "linden"
• *piž "wool mitten"
• *šištə "woodpecker"
• *widem "I lead"
• *wiškədə "fluid, washy"
• *kådama "gudgeon"
• *kodam "I remain"
• *åškəl "step"
• *oškə "poplar"
• *pådəm "pot"
• *podelam "I eat with a spoon"
• *påldalgə "crooked"
• *poldəš "button"
• *šoŋgə "old"
• *šåŋšə "hedgehog"
• *paškar "small block of wood"
• *raškalta "lightning strike"
• *läška "noodle"
• *šäškə "otter"
• *pärća "ear of corn"
• *laštərtem "I splinter wood"
• *šaraŋgə "willow"

Proto-Permic

• *ordës "side" < Proto-Uralic *ertä
• *im "needle" < Proto-Uralic *äjmä
• *miž "ram"
• *varɨš "hawk"

Proto-Uralic

• *ertä "side, flank"
• *jäwrä "lake"
• *särä "vein"
• *särnä "willow"
• *käre- "to stick in"
• *kärke "woodpecker"
• *kärte- "to be able to"
• *näre "nose"
• *were "blood"
• *mete "honey"
• *ńële "arrow"
• *kiwe "stone"
• *piŋe "tooth"
• *säje "pus"
• *śüďe "charcoal"
• *śepä "neck"
• *säppä "gall"
• *tälwä "winter"
• *äjmä "needle"