User:Victar/Irano-Caucasian substrate

*ža(n)ža ~ *ǰa(n)ža (“thorn; thorny plant, thistle, blackthorn, hawthorn”)
Proto-Northeast Caucasian: *žāžĕ Proto-Avaro-Andian: *zaza (“blackthorn, thistle; thorn, prick”) Akhvakh: жажа (žaža) Andi: заз (zaz) Avar: заз (zaz) Chamalal: заза (zaza) Tindi: заза (zaza) Dargwa: Akusha: занзи (zanzi) Chirag: цъацъe (cʾacʾe) Kharb.: цъанцъи (cʾancʾi) Kubachi: цъацъe (cʾacʾe) Uraxa: жанжи (žanži) Chechen: зез (zez, “larch”) Hunzib: zɨza (“thorn, prick”) Lak: цъац (cʼac, “sweetbrier, eglantine”) Proto-Lezghian: *cʾacʾa Aghul: заз (zaz, “blackthorn”) Lezgi: саз (saz, “blackthorn”) Tabasaran: заз (zaz, “thorn”)	Proto-Kartvelian: *ʒeʒw- (“thistle, thorn plant, buckthorn”) Proto-Kartvelian: *ʒ₁egw- (“thornbush, blackthorn, sloe”) Georgian: ზაზუნა (zazuna, “hawthorn”)	Proto-Iranian: *žaža, *ǰaǰa, *ǰača (“a thorny plant”) Khotanese: [script needed] (уsāysa, “weed, herb”) Parthian: (“plants; thistle”) Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫀𐫉𐫃 (zʾzg /⁠zāzag⁠/) Middle Persian: (/⁠zāz⁠/, “grass, vegetation, weed”) Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫀𐫉 (zʾz) Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (zʾz) Tajik: (“a type of thistle”) Northern Tajik: жож (žož) Wakhi: ҷоҷи (joji) Vanji: ҷӯҷ (jüj) Persian: ژاژ (žāž, “thistle, heather, tough grass, camel-thorn”) (dialectal) ⇒ Middle Persian: (“plants; thistle”) Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫀𐫉𐫃 (zʾzg /⁠zāzag⁠/) Ossetian: заз (zaz, “yew-tree”) Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami: *ž́ǽž Proto-Shughni-Roshani: *žǿz Shughni: (“firewood”) Bartangi: žȫz Khughni: žīz Roshani: žoz Sarikoli: žez Yazghulami: ǧɘǧ (“hawthorn”) Tajik: жуж (žuž, “hawthorn”)
Possible etymologies
		*g⁽ʰʷ⁾eng-, *g⁽ʰʷ⁾enk- → *ǰáng- ~ *gáǰ-é-, *ǰánk- ~ *gáč-é- Proto-Iranian: *ǰaǰa, *ǰača *sk⁽ʷ⁾enk- → *(s)k⁽ʷ⁾énk- ~ *(s)k⁽ʷ⁾n̥k-é- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćčánk- ~ *ćčačá- Proto-Iranian: *scánk- ~ *scačá- *ḱenk- → *ḱénk- ~ *ḱn̥k-é- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćánk- ~ *ćačá- Proto-Iranian: *cánk- ~ *cačá- *skʷey- → *skʷéy-s- ~ *skʷy-és Proto-Celtic: *skʷiyats (“hawthorn”) Old Irish: scé → *skʷi-n-k-éh₂ Proto-Iranian: *scančā (“hawthorn”)

PIE		PII	PIr.	PScy.	POs.	OOs.	Oss.
*(s)k⁽ʷ⁾eyng⁽ʷ⁾-	*(s)k⁽ʷ⁾ing⁽ʷ⁾-eh₂	*ćinǰaH	*cinǰaH	*sinǰā	*sinǰa	*sinʒæ	Diger синдзӕ (sinʒæ) Iron сындз (synʒ, “thorn; blackthorn; splinter”)
*sḱeyng⁽ʷ⁾-	*sḱing⁽ʷ⁾-eh₂	*šćinǰaH
*seyng⁽ʷ⁾-	*sing⁽ʷ⁾-eh₂	*sinǰaH	*sinǰaH
*seynk⁽ʷ⁾-	*sink⁽ʷ⁾-eh₂	*sinčaH	*sinčaH	*sinčā	*sinža

• Proto-Iranian: [Term?] (“tarragon, southernwood”)
  • Wakhi: sars
  • Shughni: sars
  • Tajik: (“a pleasant smelling plant”)

    Darvazi: [script needed] (sarsabil)

  • Sanskrit: सर्षप (sarṣápa, “mustard seed”)
    • • → Pashto: [script needed] (šaršam, “mustard, rape (seed)”)
    • → Ossetian:

      Old Sogdian script: [Old Sogdian needed] (sršp), [Old Sogdian needed] (sršpʾ /⁠saršapa⁠/)