accuis

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• accuiss, acuis
• accais, acais (later manuscripts)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈa.kusʲ/
  • (Blasse) [ˈa.kusʲ]
  • (Griffith) [ˈa.kʉsʲ]

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Late Latin *accāsiō, from Latin occāsiō, whence also Middle Welsh achaws (modern Welsh achos).

Noun

accuis f

1. cause, occasion, reason

Declension

Feminine n-stem

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	accuis	aicsinL	aicsin
vocative	accuis	aicsinL	aicsenaH
accusative	aicsinN	aicsinL	aicsenaH
genitive	aicsen	aicsenL	aicsenN
dative	aicsinL, accuisL	aicsenaib	aicsenaib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

• ^H = triggers aspiration
• ^L = triggers lenition
• ^N = triggers nasalization

Synonyms

• fochonn

Derived terms

• aicsenach (“causal”)
• aicsendae (“causal”)
• aicsendaid (“causally, in a law-suit”)
• aicsenugud (“causality”)
• ar accuis (“because of”)
• hua accuiss (“because of”)

See also

• acis

Etymology 2

From ad- + Proto-Celtic *kassis (“hatred”).

Noun

accuis f (nominative plural acsi)

1. offence, hatred

Declension

Feminine i-stem

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	accuis	accuisL	aicsiH
vocative	accuis	accuisL	aicsiH
accusative	accuisN	accuisL	aicsiH
genitive	aicseoH, aicseaH	aicseoH, aicseaH	aicseN
dative	accuisL	aicsib	aicsib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

• ^H = triggers aspiration
• ^L = triggers lenition
• ^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Middle Irish: accais, acaiss, acuis (“cause; offense; hatred; venom”)
  • Irish: aicis, acais (“venom, spite”)

Mutation

Mutation of accuis

radical	lenition	nasalization
accuis (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)	accuis	n-accuis

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “accais”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language