brenin

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh brenhin, from Proto-Brythonic *brɨɣėntin, from Proto-Celtic *brigantīnos (“(someone) pre-eminent, outstanding”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ-.

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈbrɛnɪn/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈbreːnɪn/, /ˈbrɛnɪn/

Noun

brenin m (plural brenhinoedd, feminine brenhines)

1. king, monarch, sovereign (abbrev. bre)

   Synonyms: rhi, teyrn, pennaeth

2. (chess) king
3. (card games) king
4. (ornithology) monarch (Hypothymis)

Derived terms

• brenhinbysg (“kingfish”)
• brenhines (“queen”)
• brenhiniaeth (“kingdom”)
• brenhinllin (“dynasty”)
• brenhinol (“royal”)
• brenhinwr, brenhinwraig (“royalist”)
• brenin byrgrib (“short-crested blue monarch”)
• brenin goleulas (“celestial monarch”)
• brenin gwarddu (“black-naped monarch”)
• crys y brenin (“henbane”)
• eli'r brenin (“human excrement”, literally “king's balm”)

See also

Playing cards in Welsh · cardiau chwarae (layout · text)
as	dau	tri	pedwar	pump	chwech	saith
wyth	naw	deg	jac / milwr	brenhines	brenin	jocer

Mutation

Mutated forms of brenin

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
brenin	frenin	mrenin	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Griffiths, Bruce; Glyn Jones, Dafydd (1995), “king”, in Geiriadur yr Academi: The Welsh Academy English–Welsh Dictionary‎^[1], Cardiff: University of Wales Press, →ISBN
• D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “brenin”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin
• Lewis, Timothy. A glossary of mediaeval Welsh law, based upon the Black book of Chirk. Univ. Press (Manchester), 1913.
• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “brenin”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies