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Zulu
Verb
-donsa
- (transitive) to pull
- Antonym: -sunduza
Inflection
Tone L
|
Infinitive
|
ukudonsa
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukudonsa
|
ukungadonsi
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
donsa
|
-donse
|
Plural
|
donsani
|
-donseni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyadonsa, ngidonsa
|
engidonsayo, engidonsa
|
ngidonsa
|
angidonsi
|
engingadonsi
|
ngingadonsi
|
2nd singular
|
uyadonsa, udonsa
|
odonsayo, odonsa
|
udonsa
|
awudonsi
|
ongadonsi
|
ungadonsi
|
1st plural
|
siyadonsa, sidonsa
|
esidonsayo, esidonsa
|
sidonsa
|
asidonsi
|
esingadonsi
|
singadonsi
|
2nd plural
|
niyadonsa, nidonsa
|
enidonsayo, enidonsa
|
nidonsa
|
anidonsi
|
eningadonsi
|
ningadonsi
|
Class 1
|
uyadonsa, udonsa
|
odonsayo, odonsa
|
edonsa
|
akadonsi
|
ongadonsi
|
engadonsi
|
Class 2
|
bayadonsa, badonsa
|
abadonsayo, abadonsa
|
bedonsa
|
abadonsi
|
abangadonsi
|
bengadonsi
|
Class 3
|
uyadonsa, udonsa
|
odonsayo, odonsa
|
udonsa
|
awudonsi
|
ongadonsi
|
ungadonsi
|
Class 4
|
iyadonsa, idonsa
|
edonsayo, edonsa
|
idonsa
|
ayidonsi
|
engadonsi
|
ingadonsi
|
Class 5
|
liyadonsa, lidonsa
|
elidonsayo, elidonsa
|
lidonsa
|
alidonsi
|
elingadonsi
|
lingadonsi
|
Class 6
|
ayadonsa, adonsa
|
adonsayo, adonsa
|
edonsa
|
awadonsi
|
angadonsi
|
engadonsi
|
Class 7
|
siyadonsa, sidonsa
|
esidonsayo, esidonsa
|
sidonsa
|
asidonsi
|
esingadonsi
|
singadonsi
|
Class 8
|
ziyadonsa, zidonsa
|
ezidonsayo, ezidonsa
|
zidonsa
|
azidonsi
|
ezingadonsi
|
zingadonsi
|
Class 9
|
iyadonsa, idonsa
|
edonsayo, edonsa
|
idonsa
|
ayidonsi
|
engadonsi
|
ingadonsi
|
Class 10
|
ziyadonsa, zidonsa
|
ezidonsayo, ezidonsa
|
zidonsa
|
azidonsi
|
ezingadonsi
|
zingadonsi
|
Class 11
|
luyadonsa, ludonsa
|
oludonsayo, oludonsa
|
ludonsa
|
aludonsi
|
olungadonsi
|
lungadonsi
|
Class 14
|
buyadonsa, budonsa
|
obudonsayo, obudonsa
|
budonsa
|
abudonsi
|
obungadonsi
|
bungadonsi
|
Class 15
|
kuyadonsa, kudonsa
|
okudonsayo, okudonsa
|
kudonsa
|
akudonsi
|
okungadonsi
|
kungadonsi
|
Class 17
|
kuyadonsa, kudonsa
|
okudonsayo, okudonsa
|
kudonsa
|
akudonsi
|
okungadonsi
|
kungadonsi
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngidonsile, ngidonsē
|
engidonsile, engidonsē
|
ngidonsile, ngidonsē
|
angidonsanga
|
engingadonsanga
|
ngingadonsanga
|
2nd singular
|
udonsile, udonsē
|
odonsile, odonsē
|
udonsile, udonsē
|
awudonsanga
|
ongadonsanga
|
ungadonsanga
|
1st plural
|
sidonsile, sidonsē
|
esidonsile, esidonsē
|
sidonsile, sidonsē
|
asidonsanga
|
esingadonsanga
|
singadonsanga
|
2nd plural
|
nidonsile, nidonsē
|
enidonsile, enidonsē
|
nidonsile, nidonsē
|
anidonsanga
|
eningadonsanga
|
ningadonsanga
|
Class 1
|
udonsile, udonsē
|
odonsile, odonsē
|
edonsile, edonsē
|
akadonsanga
|
ongadonsanga
|
engadonsanga
|
Class 2
|
badonsile, badonsē
|
abadonsile, abadonsē
|
bedonsile, bedonsē
|
abadonsanga
|
abangadonsanga
|
bengadonsanga
|
Class 3
|
udonsile, udonsē
|
odonsile, odonsē
|
udonsile, udonsē
|
awudonsanga
|
ongadonsanga
|
ungadonsanga
|
Class 4
|
idonsile, idonsē
|
edonsile, edonsē
|
idonsile, idonsē
|
ayidonsanga
|
engadonsanga
|
ingadonsanga
|
Class 5
|
lidonsile, lidonsē
|
elidonsile, elidonsē
|
lidonsile, lidonsē
|
alidonsanga
|
elingadonsanga
|
lingadonsanga
|
Class 6
|
adonsile, adonsē
|
adonsile, adonsē
|
edonsile, edonsē
|
awadonsanga
|
angadonsanga
|
engadonsanga
|
Class 7
|
sidonsile, sidonsē
|
esidonsile, esidonsē
|
sidonsile, sidonsē
|
asidonsanga
|
esingadonsanga
|
singadonsanga
|
Class 8
|
zidonsile, zidonsē
|
ezidonsile, ezidonsē
|
zidonsile, zidonsē
|
azidonsanga
|
ezingadonsanga
|
zingadonsanga
|
Class 9
|
idonsile, idonsē
|
edonsile, edonsē
|
idonsile, idonsē
|
ayidonsanga
|
engadonsanga
|
ingadonsanga
|
Class 10
|
zidonsile, zidonsē
|
ezidonsile, ezidonsē
|
zidonsile, zidonsē
|
azidonsanga
|
ezingadonsanga
|
zingadonsanga
|
Class 11
|
ludonsile, ludonsē
|
oludonsile, oludonsē
|
ludonsile, ludonsē
|
aludonsanga
|
olungadonsanga
|
lungadonsanga
|
Class 14
|
budonsile, budonsē
|
obudonsile, obudonsē
|
budonsile, budonsē
|
abudonsanga
|
obungadonsanga
|
bungadonsanga
|
Class 15
|
kudonsile, kudonsē
|
okudonsile, okudonsē
|
kudonsile, kudonsē
|
akudonsanga
|
okungadonsanga
|
kungadonsanga
|
Class 17
|
kudonsile, kudonsē
|
okudonsile, okudonsē
|
kudonsile, kudonsē
|
akudonsanga
|
okungadonsanga
|
kungadonsanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngādonsa
|
engādonsa
|
ngādonsa
|
angidonsanga
|
engingadonsanga
|
ngingadonsanga
|
2nd singular
|
wādonsa
|
owādonsa
|
wādonsa
|
awudonsanga
|
ongadonsanga
|
ungadonsanga
|
1st plural
|
sādonsa
|
esādonsa
|
sādonsa
|
asidonsanga
|
esingadonsanga
|
singadonsanga
|
2nd plural
|
nādonsa
|
enādonsa
|
nādonsa
|
anidonsanga
|
eningadonsanga
|
ningadonsanga
|
Class 1
|
wādonsa
|
owādonsa
|
ādonsa
|
akadonsanga
|
ongadonsanga
|
engadonsanga
|
Class 2
|
bādonsa
|
abādonsa
|
bādonsa
|
abadonsanga
|
abangadonsanga
|
bengadonsanga
|
Class 3
|
wādonsa
|
owādonsa
|
wādonsa
|
awudonsanga
|
ongadonsanga
|
ungadonsanga
|
Class 4
|
yādonsa
|
eyādonsa
|
yādonsa
|
ayidonsanga
|
engadonsanga
|
ingadonsanga
|
Class 5
|
lādonsa
|
elādonsa
|
lādonsa
|
alidonsanga
|
elingadonsanga
|
lingadonsanga
|
Class 6
|
ādonsa
|
ādonsa
|
ādonsa
|
awadonsanga
|
angadonsanga
|
engadonsanga
|
Class 7
|
sādonsa
|
esādonsa
|
sādonsa
|
asidonsanga
|
esingadonsanga
|
singadonsanga
|
Class 8
|
zādonsa
|
ezādonsa
|
zādonsa
|
azidonsanga
|
ezingadonsanga
|
zingadonsanga
|
Class 9
|
yādonsa
|
eyādonsa
|
yādonsa
|
ayidonsanga
|
engadonsanga
|
ingadonsanga
|
Class 10
|
zādonsa
|
ezādonsa
|
zādonsa
|
azidonsanga
|
ezingadonsanga
|
zingadonsanga
|
Class 11
|
lwādonsa
|
olwādonsa
|
lwādonsa
|
aludonsanga
|
olungadonsanga
|
lungadonsanga
|
Class 14
|
bādonsa
|
obādonsa
|
bādonsa
|
abudonsanga
|
obungadonsanga
|
bungadonsanga
|
Class 15
|
kwādonsa
|
okwādonsa
|
kwādonsa
|
akudonsanga
|
okungadonsanga
|
kungadonsanga
|
Class 17
|
kwādonsa
|
okwādonsa
|
kwādonsa
|
akudonsanga
|
okungadonsanga
|
kungadonsanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingadonsa
|
—
|
ngingadonsa
|
ngingedonse
|
—
|
ngingedonse
|
2nd singular
|
ungadonsa
|
—
|
ungadonsa
|
ungedonse
|
—
|
ungedonse
|
1st plural
|
singadonsa
|
—
|
singadonsa
|
singedonse
|
—
|
singedonse
|
2nd plural
|
ningadonsa
|
—
|
ningadonsa
|
ningedonse
|
—
|
ningedonse
|
Class 1
|
angadonsa
|
—
|
engadonsa
|
angedonse
|
—
|
engedonse
|
Class 2
|
bangadonsa
|
—
|
bengadonsa
|
bangedonse
|
—
|
bengedonse
|
Class 3
|
ungadonsa
|
—
|
ungadonsa
|
ungedonse
|
—
|
ungedonse
|
Class 4
|
ingadonsa
|
—
|
ingadonsa
|
ingedonse
|
—
|
ingedonse
|
Class 5
|
lingadonsa
|
—
|
lingadonsa
|
lingedonse
|
—
|
lingedonse
|
Class 6
|
angadonsa
|
—
|
engadonsa
|
angedonse
|
—
|
engedonse
|
Class 7
|
singadonsa
|
—
|
singadonsa
|
singedonse
|
—
|
singedonse
|
Class 8
|
zingadonsa
|
—
|
zingadonsa
|
zingedonse
|
—
|
zingedonse
|
Class 9
|
ingadonsa
|
—
|
ingadonsa
|
ingedonse
|
—
|
ingedonse
|
Class 10
|
zingadonsa
|
—
|
zingadonsa
|
zingedonse
|
—
|
zingedonse
|
Class 11
|
lungadonsa
|
—
|
lungadonsa
|
lungedonse
|
—
|
lungedonse
|
Class 14
|
bungadonsa
|
—
|
bungadonsa
|
bungedonse
|
—
|
bungedonse
|
Class 15
|
kungadonsa
|
—
|
kungadonsa
|
kungedonse
|
—
|
kungedonse
|
Class 17
|
kungadonsa
|
—
|
kungadonsa
|
kungedonse
|
—
|
kungedonse
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizodonsa
|
engizodonsa
|
ngizodonsa
|
angizudonsa
|
engingezudonsa
|
ngingezudonsa
|
2nd singular
|
uzodonsa
|
ozodonsa
|
uzodonsa
|
awuzudonsa
|
ongezudonsa
|
ungezudonsa
|
1st plural
|
sizodonsa
|
esizodonsa
|
sizodonsa
|
asizudonsa
|
esingezudonsa
|
singezudonsa
|
2nd plural
|
nizodonsa
|
enizodonsa
|
nizodonsa
|
anizudonsa
|
eningezudonsa
|
ningezudonsa
|
Class 1
|
uzodonsa
|
ozodonsa
|
ezodonsa
|
akazudonsa
|
ongezudonsa
|
engezudonsa
|
Class 2
|
bazodonsa
|
abazodonsa
|
bezodonsa
|
abazudonsa
|
abangezudonsa
|
bengezudonsa
|
Class 3
|
uzodonsa
|
ozodonsa
|
uzodonsa
|
awuzudonsa
|
ongezudonsa
|
ungezudonsa
|
Class 4
|
izodonsa
|
ezodonsa
|
izodonsa
|
ayizudonsa
|
engezudonsa
|
ingezudonsa
|
Class 5
|
lizodonsa
|
elizodonsa
|
lizodonsa
|
alizudonsa
|
elingezudonsa
|
lingezudonsa
|
Class 6
|
azodonsa
|
azodonsa
|
ezodonsa
|
awazudonsa
|
angezudonsa
|
engezudonsa
|
Class 7
|
sizodonsa
|
esizodonsa
|
sizodonsa
|
asizudonsa
|
esingezudonsa
|
singezudonsa
|
Class 8
|
zizodonsa
|
ezizodonsa
|
zizodonsa
|
azizudonsa
|
ezingezudonsa
|
zingezudonsa
|
Class 9
|
izodonsa
|
ezodonsa
|
izodonsa
|
ayizudonsa
|
engezudonsa
|
ingezudonsa
|
Class 10
|
zizodonsa
|
ezizodonsa
|
zizodonsa
|
azizudonsa
|
ezingezudonsa
|
zingezudonsa
|
Class 11
|
luzodonsa
|
oluzodonsa
|
luzodonsa
|
aluzudonsa
|
olungezudonsa
|
lungezudonsa
|
Class 14
|
buzodonsa
|
obuzodonsa
|
buzodonsa
|
abuzudonsa
|
obungezudonsa
|
bungezudonsa
|
Class 15
|
kuzodonsa
|
okuzodonsa
|
kuzodonsa
|
akuzudonsa
|
okungezudonsa
|
kungezudonsa
|
Class 17
|
kuzodonsa
|
okuzodonsa
|
kuzodonsa
|
akuzudonsa
|
okungezudonsa
|
kungezudonsa
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyodonsa
|
engiyodonsa
|
ngiyodonsa
|
angiyudonsa
|
engingeyudonsa
|
ngingeyudonsa
|
2nd singular
|
uyodonsa
|
oyodonsa
|
uyodonsa
|
awuyudonsa
|
ongeyudonsa
|
ungeyudonsa
|
1st plural
|
siyodonsa
|
esiyodonsa
|
siyodonsa
|
asiyudonsa
|
esingeyudonsa
|
singeyudonsa
|
2nd plural
|
niyodonsa
|
eniyodonsa
|
niyodonsa
|
aniyudonsa
|
eningeyudonsa
|
ningeyudonsa
|
Class 1
|
uyodonsa
|
oyodonsa
|
eyodonsa
|
akayudonsa
|
ongeyudonsa
|
engeyudonsa
|
Class 2
|
bayodonsa
|
abayodonsa
|
beyodonsa
|
abayudonsa
|
abangeyudonsa
|
bengeyudonsa
|
Class 3
|
uyodonsa
|
oyodonsa
|
uyodonsa
|
awuyudonsa
|
ongeyudonsa
|
ungeyudonsa
|
Class 4
|
iyodonsa
|
eyodonsa
|
iyodonsa
|
ayiyudonsa
|
engeyudonsa
|
ingeyudonsa
|
Class 5
|
liyodonsa
|
eliyodonsa
|
liyodonsa
|
aliyudonsa
|
elingeyudonsa
|
lingeyudonsa
|
Class 6
|
ayodonsa
|
ayodonsa
|
eyodonsa
|
awayudonsa
|
angeyudonsa
|
engeyudonsa
|
Class 7
|
siyodonsa
|
esiyodonsa
|
siyodonsa
|
asiyudonsa
|
esingeyudonsa
|
singeyudonsa
|
Class 8
|
ziyodonsa
|
eziyodonsa
|
ziyodonsa
|
aziyudonsa
|
ezingeyudonsa
|
zingeyudonsa
|
Class 9
|
iyodonsa
|
eyodonsa
|
iyodonsa
|
ayiyudonsa
|
engeyudonsa
|
ingeyudonsa
|
Class 10
|
ziyodonsa
|
eziyodonsa
|
ziyodonsa
|
aziyudonsa
|
ezingeyudonsa
|
zingeyudonsa
|
Class 11
|
luyodonsa
|
oluyodonsa
|
luyodonsa
|
aluyudonsa
|
olungeyudonsa
|
lungeyudonsa
|
Class 14
|
buyodonsa
|
obuyodonsa
|
buyodonsa
|
abuyudonsa
|
obungeyudonsa
|
bungeyudonsa
|
Class 15
|
kuyodonsa
|
okuyodonsa
|
kuyodonsa
|
akuyudonsa
|
okungeyudonsa
|
kungeyudonsa
|
Class 17
|
kuyodonsa
|
okuyodonsa
|
kuyodonsa
|
akuyudonsa
|
okungeyudonsa
|
kungeyudonsa
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngidonse
|
ngingadonsi
|
2nd singular
|
udonse
|
ungadonsi
|
1st plural
|
sidonse
|
singadonsi
|
2nd plural
|
nidonse
|
ningadonsi
|
Class 1
|
adonse
|
angadonsi
|
Class 2
|
badonse
|
bangadonsi
|
Class 3
|
udonse
|
ungadonsi
|
Class 4
|
idonse
|
ingadonsi
|
Class 5
|
lidonse
|
lingadonsi
|
Class 6
|
adonse
|
angadonsi
|
Class 7
|
sidonse
|
singadonsi
|
Class 8
|
zidonse
|
zingadonsi
|
Class 9
|
idonse
|
ingadonsi
|
Class 10
|
zidonse
|
zingadonsi
|
Class 11
|
ludonse
|
lungadonsi
|
Class 14
|
budonse
|
bungadonsi
|
Class 15
|
kudonse
|
kungadonsi
|
Class 17
|
kudonse
|
kungadonsi
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngadonsa
|
ngangadonsa, angadonsa, angangadonsa
|
2nd singular
|
wadonsa
|
wangadonsa, awadonsa, awangadonsa
|
1st plural
|
sadonsa
|
sangadonsa, asadonsa, asangadonsa
|
2nd plural
|
nadonsa
|
nangadonsa, anadonsa, anangadonsa
|
Class 1
|
wadonsa
|
wangadonsa, akadonsa, akangadonsa
|
Class 2
|
badonsa
|
bangadonsa, abadonsa, abangadonsa
|
Class 3
|
wadonsa
|
wangadonsa, awadonsa, awangadonsa
|
Class 4
|
yadonsa
|
yangadonsa, ayadonsa, ayangadonsa
|
Class 5
|
ladonsa
|
langadonsa, aladonsa, alangadonsa
|
Class 6
|
adonsa
|
angadonsa, awadonsa, awangadonsa
|
Class 7
|
sadonsa
|
sangadonsa, asadonsa, asangadonsa
|
Class 8
|
zadonsa
|
zangadonsa, azadonsa, azangadonsa
|
Class 9
|
yadonsa
|
yangadonsa, ayadonsa, ayangadonsa
|
Class 10
|
zadonsa
|
zangadonsa, azadonsa, azangadonsa
|
Class 11
|
lwadonsa
|
lwangadonsa, alwadonsa, alwangadonsa
|
Class 14
|
badonsa
|
bangadonsa, abadonsa, abangadonsa
|
Class 15
|
kwadonsa
|
kwangadonsa, akwadonsa, akwangadonsa
|
Class 17
|
kwadonsa
|
kwangadonsa, akwadonsa, akwangadonsa
|
References