enfreindre

French

Etymology

From Middle French, Old French enfraindre, from Vulgar Latin *infrangere, from Latin infringere, present active infinitive of infringō.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃dʁ/

Verb

enfreindre

1. to infringe

Conjugation

This verb is conjugated like peindre. It uses the same endings as rendre or vendre, but its -nd- becomes -gn- before a vowel, and its past participle ends in 't' instead of a vowel.

Conjugation of enfreindre (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	enfreindre
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	enfreignant /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲɑ̃/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		enfreint /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	enfreins /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃/	enfreins /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃/	enfreint /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃/	enfreignons /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲɔ̃/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲɔ̃/	enfreignez /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲe/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲe/	enfreignent /ɑ̃.fʁɛɲ/
	imperfect	enfreignais /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲɛ/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲɛ/	enfreignais /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲɛ/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲɛ/	enfreignait /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲɛ/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲɛ/	enfreignions /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲjɔ̃/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲjɔ̃/	enfreigniez /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲje/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲje/	enfreignaient /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲɛ/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲɛ/
	past historic2	enfreignis /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲi/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲi/	enfreignis /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲi/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲi/	enfreignit /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲi/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲi/	enfreignîmes /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲim/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲim/	enfreignîtes /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲit/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲit/	enfreignirent /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲiʁ/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲiʁ/
	future	enfreindrai /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁe/	enfreindras /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁa/	enfreindra /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁa/	enfreindrons /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/	enfreindrez /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁe/	enfreindront /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/
	conditional	enfreindrais /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/	enfreindrais /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/	enfreindrait /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/	enfreindrions /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/	enfreindriez /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁi.je/	enfreindraient /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	enfreigne /ɑ̃.fʁɛɲ/	enfreignes /ɑ̃.fʁɛɲ/	enfreigne /ɑ̃.fʁɛɲ/	enfreignions /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲjɔ̃/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲjɔ̃/	enfreigniez /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲje/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲje/	enfreignent /ɑ̃.fʁɛɲ/
	imperfect2	enfreignisse /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲis/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲis/	enfreignisses /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲis/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲis/	enfreignît /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲi/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲi/	enfreignissions /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲi.sjɔ̃/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲi.sjɔ̃/	enfreignissiez /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲi.sje/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲi.sje/	enfreignissent /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲis/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	enfreins /ɑ̃.fʁɛ̃/	—	enfreignons /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲɔ̃/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲɔ̃/	enfreignez /ɑ̃.fʁɛ.ɲe/ or /ɑ̃.fʁe.ɲe/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Related terms

• infraction

Further reading

• “enfreindre”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.