esperer

See also: espérer

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French esperer.

Verb

esperer

1. to hope

Conjugation

• Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Conjugation of esperer

infinitive	simple	esperer
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2	simple	esperant
	compound	present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle		esperé
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ie (i’)	tu	il, elle	nous	vous	ilz, elles
(simple tenses)	present	espere	esperes	espere	esperons	esperez	esperent
	imperfect	esperois, esperoys	esperois, esperoys	esperoit, esperoyt	esperions, esperyons	esperiez, esperyez	esperoient, esperoyent
	past historic	espera	esperas	espera	esperasmes	esperastes	espererent
	future	espererai, espereray	espereras	esperera	espererons	espererez	espereront
	conditional	espererois, espereroys	espererois, espereroys	espereroit, espereroyt	espererions, espereryons	espereriez, espereryez	espereroient, espereroyent
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que ie (i’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	espere	esperes	espere	esperons	esperez	esperent
	imperfect	esperasse	esperasses	esperast	esperassions	esperassiez	esperassent
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	espere	—	esperons	esperez	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants

• French: espérer

---

Old French

Etymology

From Latin spērāre, present active infinitive of spērō.

Verb

esperer

1. to hope

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. This verb has a stressed present stem espoir distinct from the unstressed stem esper. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of esperer (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		esperer			avoir esperé
gerund		en esperant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		esperant
past participle		esperé
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	espoir	espoires	espoire	esperons	esperez	espoirent
	imperfect	esperoie, espereie, esperoe, espereve	esperoies, espereies, esperoes, espereves	esperoit, espereit, esperot, espereve	esperiiens, esperiens	esperiiez, esperiez	esperoient, espereient, esperoent, esperevent
	preterite	esperai	esperas	espera	esperames	esperastes	espererent
	future	espererai	espereras	esperera	espererons	espereroiz, esperereiz, espererez	espereront
	conditional	espereroie, esperereie	espereroies, esperereies	espereroit, esperereit	espereriiens, espereriens	espereriiez, espereriez	espereroient, esperereient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	espoir	espoirs	espoirt	esperons	esperez	espoirent
	imperfect	esperasse	esperasses	esperast	esperissons, esperissiens	esperissoiz, esperissez, esperissiez	esperassent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	espoire	—	esperons	esperez	—

Descendants

• Middle French: esperer
  • French: espérer
• Norman: espéther (Jersey), espéraïr (Guernsey)