Probably from Middle Irish frencaid (“bend, bow”).
freang (present analytic freangann, future analytic freangfaidh, verbal noun freangadh, past participle freangtha)
- (transitive) twist, wrench
- (transitive, mechanical engineering) strain
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singular
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plural
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relative
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autonomous
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| first
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second
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third
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first
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second
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third
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| indicative
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present
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freangaim
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freangann tú;
freangair†
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freangann sé, sí
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freangaimid
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freangann sibh
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freangann siad;
freangaid†
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a fhreangann; a fhreangas /
a bhfreangann*
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freangtar
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| past
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d'fhreang mé; d'fhreangas /
fhreang mé‡; fhreangas‡
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d'fhreang tú; d'fhreangais /
fhreang tú; fhreangais‡
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d'fhreang sé, sí /
fhreang sé, sí‡
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d'fhreangamar; d'fhreang muid /
fhreangamar; fhreang muid‡
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d'fhreang sibh; d'fhreangabhair /
fhreang sibh;
fhreangabhair‡
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d'fhreang siad; d'fhreangadar /
fhreang siad; fhreangadar‡
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a d'fhreang /
ar fhreang*
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freangadh
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| past habitual
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d'fhreangainn /
fhreangainn‡; bhfreangainn‡‡
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d'fhreangtá /
fhreangtá‡; bhfreangtᇇ
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d'fhreangadh sé, sí /
fhreangadh sé, sí‡; bhfreangadh sé, s퇇
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d'fhreangaimis; d'fhreangadh muid /
fhreangaimis; fhreangadh muid‡; bhfreangaimis‡‡; bhfreangadh muid‡‡
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d'fhreangadh sibh /
fhreangadh sibh‡; bhfreangadh sibh‡‡
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d'fhreangaidís; d'fhreangadh siad /
fhreangaidís; fhreangadh siad‡; bhfreangaidís‡‡; bhfreangadh siad‡‡
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a d'fhreangadh /
a bhfreangadh*
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d'fhreangtaí /
fhreangtaí‡; bhfreangta퇇
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| future
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freangfaidh mé;
freangfad
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freangfaidh tú;
freangfair†
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freangfaidh sé, sí
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freangfaimid;
freangfaidh muid
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freangfaidh sibh
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freangfaidh siad;
freangfaid†
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a fhreangfaidh; a fhreangfas /
a bhfreangfaidh*
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freangfar
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| conditional
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d'fhreangfainn / fhreangfainn‡; bhfreangfainn‡‡
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d'fhreangfá / fhreangfá‡; bhfreangfᇇ
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d'fhreangfadh sé, sí / fhreangfadh sé, sí‡; bhfreangfadh sé, s퇇
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d'fhreangfaimis; d'fhreangfadh muid / fhreangfaimis‡; fhreangfadh muid‡; bhfreangfaimis‡‡; bhfreangfadh muid‡‡
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d'fhreangfadh sibh / fhreangfadh sibh‡; bhfreangfadh sibh‡‡
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d'fhreangfaidís; d'fhreangfadh siad / fhreangfaidís‡; fhreangfadh siad‡; bhfreangfaidís‡‡; bhfreangfadh siad‡‡
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a d'fhreangfadh /
a bhfreangfadh*
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d'fhreangfaí / fhreangfaí‡; bhfreangfa퇇
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| subjunctive
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present
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go bhfreanga mé;
go bhfreangad†
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go bhfreanga tú;
go bhfreangair†
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go bhfreanga sé, sí
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go bhfreangaimid;
go bhfreanga muid
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go bhfreanga sibh
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go bhfreanga siad;
go bhfreangaid†
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—
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go bhfreangtar
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| past
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dá bhfreangainn
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dá bhfreangtá
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dá bhfreangadh sé, sí
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dá bhfreangaimis;
dá bhfreangadh muid
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dá bhfreangadh sibh
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dá bhfreangaidís;
dá bhfreangadh siad
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—
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dá bhfreangtaí
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| imperative
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freangaim
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freang
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freangadh sé, sí
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freangaimis
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freangaigí;
freangaidh†
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freangaidís
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—
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freangtar
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| verbal noun
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freangadh
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| past participle
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freangtha
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* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
| Irish mutation
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| Radical
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Lenition
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Eclipsis
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| freang
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fhreang
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bhfreang
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| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
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- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “freang”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “frencaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “freang”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
- “freang”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024
- Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 22
