frjósa

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse frjósa, from Proto-Germanic *freusaną, from Proto-Indo-European *prews-, *prus-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfrjouːsa/
• Rhymes: -ouːsa

Verb

frjósa (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative fraus, third-person plural past indicative frusu, supine frosið)

1. (intransitive) to freeze

Conjugation

frjósa — active voice (germynd)

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að frjósa
supine (sagnbót)		frosið
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		frjósandi
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég frýs	við frjósum	present (nútíð)	ég frjósi	við frjósum
	þú frýst	þið frjósið		þú frjósir	þið frjósið
	hann, hún, það frýs	þeir, þær, þau frjósa		hann, hún, það frjósi	þeir, þær, þau frjósi
past (þátíð)	ég fraus	við frusum	past (þátíð)	ég frysi	við frysum
	þú fraust	þið frusuð		þú frysir	þið frysuð
	hann, hún, það fraus	þeir, þær, þau frusu		hann, hún, það frysi	þeir, þær, þau frysu
imperative (boðháttur)	frjós (þú)	frjósið (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	frjóstu	frjósiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

frosinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	frosinn	frosin	frosið		frosnir	frosnar	frosin
accusative (þolfall)	frosinn	frosna	frosið		frosna	frosnar	frosin
dative (þágufall)	frosnum	frosinni	frosnu		frosnum	frosnum	frosnum
genitive (eignarfall)	frosins	frosinnar	frosins		frosinna	frosinna	frosinna
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	frosni	frosna	frosna		frosnu	frosnu	frosnu
accusative (þolfall)	frosna	frosnu	frosna		frosnu	frosnu	frosnu
dative (þágufall)	frosna	frosnu	frosna		frosnu	frosnu	frosnu
genitive (eignarfall)	frosna	frosnu	frosna		frosnu	frosnu	frosnu

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Old Norse

Etymology

(deprecated template usage)

From Proto-Germanic *freusaną, whence also Old English frēosan, Old Saxon and Old High German friosan. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *prews-, *prus-.

Verb

frjósa (singular past indicative fraus, plural past indicative fruru, past participle frosinn)

1. to freeze

   Synonym: kala

Conjugation

Alternatively, in the Old Icelandic dialect, this verb can receive a weak inflection pattern in its past tenses. See also kjósa for this.

Conjugation of frjósa — active (strong class 2)

infinitive	frjósa
present participle	frjósandi
past participle	frosinn
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	frýs	fraus
2nd-person singular	frýss	fraust
3rd-person singular	frýss	fraus
1st-person plural	frjósum	frusum
2nd-person plural	frjósið	frusuð
3rd-person plural	frjósa	frusu
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	frjósa	frysa
2nd-person singular	frjósir	frysir
3rd-person singular	frjósi	frysi
1st-person plural	frjósim	frysim
2nd-person plural	frjósið	frysið
3rd-person plural	frjósi	frysi
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	frjós
1st-person plural	frjósum
2nd-person plural	frjósið

Conjugation of frjósa — mediopassive (strong class 2)

infinitive	frjósask
present participle	frjósandisk
past participle	frosizk
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	frjósumk	frusumk
2nd-person singular	frjósk	frausk
3rd-person singular	frjósk	frausk
1st-person plural	frjósumsk	frusumsk
2nd-person plural	frjósizk	frusuzk
3rd-person plural	frjósask	frususk
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	frjósumk	frysumk
2nd-person singular	frjósisk	frysisk
3rd-person singular	frjósisk	frysisk
1st-person plural	frjósimsk	frysimsk
2nd-person plural	frjósizk	frysizk
3rd-person plural	frjósisk	frysisk
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	frjósk
1st-person plural	frjósumsk
2nd-person plural	frjósizk

Conjugation of frjósa — active (strong class 2, weak inflection in past tense)

infinitive	frjósa
present participle	frjósandi
past participle	frerinn, frørinn
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	frýs	frera, frøra
2nd-person singular	frýss	frerir, frørir
3rd-person singular	frýss	freri, frøri
1st-person plural	frjósum	frerum, frørum
2nd-person plural	frjósið	freruð, frøruð
3rd-person plural	frjósa	freru, frøru
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	frjósa	frera, frøra
2nd-person singular	frjósir	frerir, frørir
3rd-person singular	frjósi	freri, frøri
1st-person plural	frjósim	frerim, frørim
2nd-person plural	frjósið	frerið, frørið
3rd-person plural	frjósi	freri, frøri
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	frjós
1st-person plural	frjósum
2nd-person plural	frjósið

Conjugation of frjósa — mediopassive (strong class 2, weak inflection in past tense)

infinitive	frjósask
present participle	frjósandisk
past participle	frerinn, frørizk
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	frjósumk	frerumk, frørumk
2nd-person singular	frýsk	frerisk, frørisk
3rd-person singular	frýsk	frerisk, frørisk
1st-person plural	frjósumsk	frerumsk, frørumsk
2nd-person plural	frjósizk	freruzk, frøruzk
3rd-person plural	frjósask	frerusk, frørusk
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	frjósumk	frerumk, frørumk
2nd-person singular	frjósisk	frerisk, frørisk
3rd-person singular	frjósisk	frerisk, frørisk
1st-person plural	frjósimsk	frerimsk, frørimsk
2nd-person plural	frjósizk	frerizk, frørizk
3rd-person plural	frjósisk	frerisk, frørisk
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	frjósk
1st-person plural	frjósumsk
2nd-person plural	frjósizk

Related terms

• frost n

Descendants

• Icelandic: frjósa
• Norwegian: fryse
• Old Swedish: frȳsa
  • Swedish: frysa; fryse (Ångermanland)
• Old Danish: frysæ, frȳsæ
  • Danish: fryse
• Elfdalian: friuosa
• Gutnish: frausa, frause
• Scanian: frýsa
• Jamtish: frýse
• ⇒ Faroese: frosin (adj) (via past participle)

References

• “frjósa”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press