gju

See also: g-ju

Translingual

Symbol

gju

1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Gojri.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Gojri terms

Albanian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *ǵónu ~ *ǵnéws, relevelled in a preform something like *ǵnu-nó-s. The *ǵ is regularly depalatised before liquids. The shift *gn- → *gl-, aside from a possible parallel in gjuhë according to one hypothesis about its origin, is not seen elsewhere in Albanian, and has been explained as contamination with words such as llërë (“upper arm”) or bërryl (“elbow”). Compare also Proto-Celtic *glūnos, which parallels both the relevelling and the dissimilation, though it reflects a long vowel, unlike in Albanian.

Alternative forms

• gû — Gheg, dialectal
• glu — southern Tosk, Arvanitika, Arbëresh, Ukraine
• gynj — Borgo Erizzo
• glunjë — San Marzano

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɟu/
• (northern Gheg) IPA^(key): [ɡjũː], (def. sing.) [ˈɡjũˑnɪ], (indef. plur.) [ˈɡjʊ̃j]
• Rhymes: -u

Noun

gju m (plural gjunjë, definite gjuri, definite plural gjunjët)

1. knee (body part) [from 1555]

   ulem në gjunjë ― to kneel

   M'u prenë gjunjët. (Tosk)

   I'm too tired. (or) I'm too scared.

   (literally, “My knees broke.”)

   • 1555, Gjon Buzuku, Meshari, 2 Kings 4:37, page 58r, line 3f.:

     e vu // enbeh glugneh ꝑpara canbeuet tii

     [e vu ëmbë glunjë përpara kambevet tij]

     and she fell on her knees in front of his feet

2. (figurative) bend, elbow, curve

   Synonym: bërryl

   gjuri i lumit ― the bend of the river

4. (archaic) descent, lineage, generation [from 1685]

   të nji gjuni (Gheg) ― of one origin, homogenous

   • 1685, Pjetër Bogdani, Cuneus Prophetarum, VT 3.12, page 14:

     bascκoj emenitè vet Scenjt me Jacobnè prej se κuijt ghiuni, e fissi janè giξξè tè κersctenetè.

     [bashkoj emënitë vet shenjt me Jakobnë prej së kujit giuni e fisi janë gjithë të kërshtenëtë.]

     He united His Holy name with Jacob of whose linage are all Christians.

Declension

Declension of gju

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	gju	gjuri	gjunjë	gjunjët
accusative		gjurin
dative	gjuri	gjurit	gjunjëve	gjunjëve
ablative			gjunjësh

Variant declension forms of gju

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	gju gjû — Gheg gû — Gheg, dialectal glu — southern Tosk, Arvanitika, Arbëresh, Ukraine gynj — Borgo Erizzo glunjë — San Marzano	gjuri gjuni — Gheg gluri — Arvanitika, Sicily gynji — Borgo Erizzo glunji — San Marzano	gjunjë gjûj — Gheg gjunj — Gheg, Calabria gjynj — dialectal gunj — Borgo Erizzo glunjë — northern Gheg [16th c.]	gjunjët gjûjt — Gheg gjunjt — Gheg, Calabria gunjt — Borgo Erizzo glunjëtë — northern Gheg [16th c.]
accusative		gjurin gjunin — Gheg
dative	gjuri gjuni — Gheg gluri — Arvanitika, Sicily gynji — Borgo Erizzo glunji — San Marzano	gjurit gjunit — Gheg	gjunjëve	gjunjëve gjunjëvet — dated gjûjvet — Gheg, dated
ablative			gjunjësh

Derived terms

• gjunjak
• gjunjar
• gjunjas
• gjunjëprerë
• gjunjëse
• gjunjëzohem
• përgjunjem

References

• FGJSSH (1980), page 625ab: “gju,~ri”
• Mann (1948), page 149a: “gjû”, page 150a: “gjûni”
• Tase (1941), page 63: “gjû”
• Demiraj (1997), pages 190f.: “gju, -ri”; Huld (1984), page 70: “gju, -ri”; DPEWA, “gju¹”, “gju²”
• Meyer (1891), page 142: “ǵu-ri”; Tagliavini (1937), page 127: “güñ-i”; Orel (1998), page 137: “gju ~ gjû”
• Leotti (1916), page 83: “gjû-ni”, page 12; Weigand (1914), page 26a: “gjû-ni”
• Kristoforidhi (1904), page 83: “γϳοῦ-νι”, “γϳού-νι”
• Bashkimi (1908), page 128ab: “giûu”; Jungg (1895), page 38a: “ghiûu”
• Rossi (1875), page 468a: “ghiûû”
• Bardhi (1635), page 29: “genua” → “giugnete”

Etymology 2

Interjection

gju (dialectal)

1. shoo! go away!

References

• Bashkimi (1908), page 127a: “giù”; Mann (1948), page 149a: “gju”