karmol
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Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From an otherwise unattested stem + -ol (frequentative verb-forming suffix).[1][2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]karmol
- (transitive) to scratch, claw (to make a mark on a surface with a sharp object, especially by a living creature, with nails, claws)
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of karmol
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | karmolok | karmolsz | karmol | karmolunk | karmoltok | karmolnak | |
Def. | karmolom | karmolod | karmolja | karmoljuk | karmoljátok | karmolják | |||
2nd-p. o. | karmollak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | karmoltam | karmoltál | karmolt | karmoltunk | karmoltatok | karmoltak | ||
Def. | karmoltam | karmoltad | karmolta | karmoltuk | karmoltátok | karmolták | |||
2nd-p. o. | karmoltalak | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. karmolni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | karmolék | karmolál | karmola | karmolánk | karmolátok | karmolának | ||
Def. | karmolám | karmolád | karmolá | karmolánk | karmolátok | karmolák | |||
2nd-p. o. | karmolálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. karmol vala, karmolt vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | karmolandok | karmolandasz | karmoland | karmolandunk | karmolandotok | karmolandanak | ||
Def. | karmolandom | karmolandod | karmolandja | karmolandjuk | karmolandjátok | karmolandják | |||
2nd-p. o. | karmolandalak | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | karmolnék | karmolnál | karmolna | karmolnánk | karmolnátok | karmolnának | |
Def. | karmolnám | karmolnád | karmolná | karmolnánk (or karmolnók) |
karmolnátok | karmolnák | |||
2nd-p. o. | karmolnálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. karmolt volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | karmoljak | karmolj or karmoljál |
karmoljon | karmoljunk | karmoljatok | karmoljanak | |
Def. | karmoljam | karmold or karmoljad |
karmolja | karmoljuk | karmoljátok | karmolják | |||
2nd-p. o. | karmoljalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. karmolt légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | karmolni | karmolnom | karmolnod | karmolnia | karmolnunk | karmolnotok | karmolniuk | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
karmolás | karmoló | karmolt | karmolandó | karmolva (karmolván) | karmoltat | ||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
potential conjugation of karmol
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | karmolhatok | karmolhatsz | karmolhat | karmolhatunk | karmolhattok | karmolhatnak | |
Def. | karmolhatom | karmolhatod | karmolhatja | karmolhatjuk | karmolhatjátok | karmolhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | karmolhatlak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | karmolhattam | karmolhattál | karmolhatott | karmolhattunk | karmolhattatok | karmolhattak | ||
Def. | karmolhattam | karmolhattad | karmolhatta | karmolhattuk | karmolhattátok | karmolhatták | |||
2nd-p. o. | karmolhattalak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | karmolhaték | karmolhatál | karmolhata | karmolhatánk | karmolhatátok | karmolhatának | ||
Def. | karmolhatám | karmolhatád | karmolhatá | karmolhatánk | karmolhatátok | karmolhaták | |||
2nd-p. o. | karmolhatálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. karmolhat vala, karmolhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | karmolhatandok or karmolandhatok |
karmolhatandasz or karmolandhatsz |
karmolhatand or karmolandhat |
karmolhatandunk or karmolandhatunk |
karmolhatandotok or karmolandhattok |
karmolhatandanak or karmolandhatnak | ||
Def. | karmolhatandom or karmolandhatom |
karmolhatandod or karmolandhatod |
karmolhatandja or karmolandhatja |
karmolhatandjuk or karmolandhatjuk |
karmolhatandjátok or karmolandhatjátok |
karmolhatandják or karmolandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | karmolhatandalak or karmolandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | karmolhatnék | karmolhatnál | karmolhatna | karmolhatnánk | karmolhatnátok | karmolhatnának | |
Def. | karmolhatnám | karmolhatnád | karmolhatná | karmolhatnánk (or karmolhatnók) |
karmolhatnátok | karmolhatnák | |||
2nd-p. o. | karmolhatnálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. karmolhatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | karmolhassak | karmolhass or karmolhassál |
karmolhasson | karmolhassunk | karmolhassatok | karmolhassanak | |
Def. | karmolhassam | karmolhasd or karmolhassad |
karmolhassa | karmolhassuk | karmolhassátok | karmolhassák | |||
2nd-p. o. | karmolhassalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. karmolhatott légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (karmolhatni) | (karmolhatnom) | (karmolhatnod) | (karmolhatnia) | (karmolhatnunk) | (karmolhatnotok) | (karmolhatniuk) | ||
Positive adjective | karmolható | Neg. adj. | karmolhatatlan | Adv. part. | (karmolhatva / karmolhatván) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit](With verbal prefixes):
References
[edit]- ^ karmol in Károly Gerstner, editor, Új magyar etimológiai szótár [New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÚESz.), Online edition (beta version), Budapest: MTA Research Institute for Linguistics / Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2011–2024.
- ^ karmol in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
[edit]- karmol in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN