naʼałkǫ́ǫ́ʼ

Navajo

Etymology

na- (atelic, circuital) + -ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, thematic) + -kǫ́ǫ́ʼ (continuative imperfective stem of root -KǪ́Ǫ́’, “to swim”).

Verb

naʼałkǫ́ǫ́ʼ

1. he/she goes swimming, is swimming about
2. (in the perfective) he/she swam to a location and swam back

Conjugation

Paradigm: Continuative (∅/si).

IMPERFECTIVE	singular	duoplural	plural
1st person	naʼashkǫ́ǫ́ʼ	naʼiilkǫ́ǫ́ʼ	ndaʼiilkǫ́ǫ́ʼ
2nd person	naʼíłkǫ́ǫ́ʼ	naʼołkǫ́ǫ́ʼ	ndaʼołkǫ́ǫ́ʼ
3rd person	naʼałkǫ́ǫ́ʼ		ndaʼałkǫ́ǫ́ʼ
4th person	nʼjiłkǫ́ǫ́ʼ		ndaʼjiłkǫ́ǫ́ʼ

PERFECTIVE	singular	duoplural	plural
1st person	niʼséłkǫ́ǫ́ʼ	niʼsiilkǫ́ǫ́ʼ	ndaʼsiilkǫ́ǫ́ʼ
2nd person	niʼsíníłkǫ́ǫ́ʼ	niʼsoołkǫ́ǫ́ʼ	ndaʼsoołkǫ́ǫ́ʼ
3rd person	naʼaskǫ́ǫ́ʼ		ndaʼaskǫ́ǫ́ʼ
4th person	nʼjiskǫ́ǫ́ʼ		ndaʼjiskǫ́ǫ́ʼ

FUTURE	singular	duoplural	plural
1st person	nʼdeeshkǫǫł	nʼdiilkǫǫł	ndaʼdiilkǫǫł
2nd person	nʼdííłkǫǫł	nʼdoołkǫǫł	ndaʼdoołkǫǫł
3rd person	nʼdoołkǫǫł		ndaʼdoołkǫǫł
4th person	nizhʼdoołkǫǫł		ndazhʼdoołkǫǫł

Verbal stems

• IMPERFECTIVE: -kǫ́ǫ́ʼ
• PERFECTIVE: -kǫ́ǫ́ʼ
• FUTURE: -kǫǫł
• ITERATIVE: -kǫ́ǫ́h
• OPTATIVE: -kǫ́ǫ́ʼ

Alternative forms

• naʼałkǫʼ