nirhata
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Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]According to SSA, of sound-symbolic origin and comparable to nyrhi and närhiä (“to cut away with a blunt tool, little by little”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]nirhata
- to cut away a little piece of something, such as with a blunt tool
- to cut something tediously, little by little
- Vanki nirhasi kalterin poikki kynsiviilalla.
- The prisoner cut the bars with a nailfile.
- (colloquial) to kill
Conjugation
[edit]Inflection of nirhata (Kotus type 73/salata, no gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | nirhaan | en nirhaa | 1st sing. | olen nirhannut | en ole nirhannut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | nirhaat | et nirhaa | 2nd sing. | olet nirhannut | et ole nirhannut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | nirhaa | ei nirhaa | 3rd sing. | on nirhannut | ei ole nirhannut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | nirhaamme | emme nirhaa | 1st plur. | olemme nirhanneet | emme ole nirhanneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | nirhaatte | ette nirhaa | 2nd plur. | olette nirhanneet | ette ole nirhanneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | nirhaavat | eivät nirhaa | 3rd plur. | ovat nirhanneet | eivät ole nirhanneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | nirhataan | ei nirhata | passive | on nirhattu | ei ole nirhattu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | nirhasin | en nirhannut | 1st sing. | olin nirhannut | en ollut nirhannut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | nirhasit | et nirhannut | 2nd sing. | olit nirhannut | et ollut nirhannut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | nirhasi | ei nirhannut | 3rd sing. | oli nirhannut | ei ollut nirhannut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | nirhasimme | emme nirhanneet | 1st plur. | olimme nirhanneet | emme olleet nirhanneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | nirhasitte | ette nirhanneet | 2nd plur. | olitte nirhanneet | ette olleet nirhanneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | nirhasivat | eivät nirhanneet | 3rd plur. | olivat nirhanneet | eivät olleet nirhanneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | nirhattiin | ei nirhattu | passive | oli nirhattu | ei ollut nirhattu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | nirhaisin | en nirhaisi | 1st sing. | olisin nirhannut | en olisi nirhannut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | nirhaisit | et nirhaisi | 2nd sing. | olisit nirhannut | et olisi nirhannut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | nirhaisi | ei nirhaisi | 3rd sing. | olisi nirhannut | ei olisi nirhannut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | nirhaisimme | emme nirhaisi | 1st plur. | olisimme nirhanneet | emme olisi nirhanneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | nirhaisitte | ette nirhaisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte nirhanneet | ette olisi nirhanneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | nirhaisivat | eivät nirhaisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat nirhanneet | eivät olisi nirhanneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | nirhattaisiin | ei nirhattaisi | passive | olisi nirhattu | ei olisi nirhattu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | nirhaa | älä nirhaa | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | nirhatkoon | älköön nirhatko | 3rd sing. | olkoon nirhannut | älköön olko nirhannut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | nirhatkaamme | älkäämme nirhatko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | nirhatkaa | älkää nirhatko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | nirhatkoot | älkööt nirhatko | 3rd plur. | olkoot nirhanneet | älkööt olko nirhanneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | nirhattakoon | älköön nirhattako | passive | olkoon nirhattu | älköön olko nirhattu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | nirhannen | en nirhanne | 1st sing. | lienen nirhannut | en liene nirhannut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | nirhannet | et nirhanne | 2nd sing. | lienet nirhannut | et liene nirhannut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | nirhannee | ei nirhanne | 3rd sing. | lienee nirhannut | ei liene nirhannut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | nirhannemme | emme nirhanne | 1st plur. | lienemme nirhanneet | emme liene nirhanneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | nirhannette | ette nirhanne | 2nd plur. | lienette nirhanneet | ette liene nirhanneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | nirhannevat | eivät nirhanne | 3rd plur. | lienevät nirhanneet | eivät liene nirhanneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | nirhattaneen | ei nirhattane | passive | lienee nirhattu | ei liene nirhattu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | nirhata | present | nirhaava | nirhattava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
|
past | nirhannut | nirhattu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | nirhatessa | nirhattaessa | agent4 | nirhaama | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | nirhaamaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | nirhaten | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.
2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | nirhaamassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | nirhaamasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | nirhaamaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | nirhaamalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | nirhaamatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | nirhaaman | nirhattaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th3 | verbal noun | nirhaaminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
|
Derived terms
[edit]compounds
References
[edit]- ^ Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words][1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
Further reading
[edit]- “nirhata”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03