paraveredus

Latin

Etymology

From Ancient Greek παρά (pará) +‎ verēdus, perhaps an analogical formation to parhippus from Ancient Greek πάριππος (párippos). Cf. epiraedium (“cart, barrow”), similarly formed of a Greek prefix and a Gaulish root, which may indicate a Gallo-Greek provenance in both cases.

Alternative forms

• paraveridus, paravaredus, paraverendus, paravendus
• paraferedus, parafredus (Medieval Latin)

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /pa.ra.u̯eˈreː.dus/, [päräu̯ɛˈreːd̪ʊs̠]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /pa.ra.veˈre.dus/, [päräveˈrɛːd̪us]

Noun

paraverēdus m (genitive paraverēdī); second declension

1. (Late Latin) a horse for travel off public roads or to out of the way places
   1. (specifically) a gift of palfrey (such a horse offered as a tribute by provincials to visiting public officials)

Usage notes

Often found alongside (par)angaria.

Declension

Second-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	paraverēdus	paraverēdī
Genitive	paraverēdī	paraverēdōrum
Dative	paraverēdō	paraverēdīs
Accusative	paraverēdum	paraverēdōs
Ablative	paraverēdō	paraverēdīs
Vocative	paraverēde	paraverēdī

Related terms

• verēdārius
• verēdus

Descendants

• Old French: palefreid
  • French: palefroi
  • → Middle English: palfrey
    • English: palfrey
• Old Occitan: palafré
  • → Galician: palafrén
  • → Italian: palafreno
  • → Portuguese: palafrém
  • → Spanish: palafrén
• → Ancient Greek: παραβέρεδος (parabéredos)
• → Proto-West Germanic: *parafred (see there for further descendants)

References

• “paraverēdus” in volume 10, part 1, column 323, line 73 in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present
• Ullmann, Manfred (1997) Zur Geschichte des Wortes barīd „Post“ [About the history of the word barīd ‘post’] (Beiträge zur Lexikographie des Klassischen Arabisch; 13)‎^[1] (in German), München: Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Kommission bei der C.H.Beck’schen Verlagsbuchhandlung, →ISBN, page 6 (Sitzungsberichte der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften; 1997/1)
• An Etymological Dictionary of the Romance Languages - Friedrich Diez, Friedrich Christian

Further reading

• “paraveredus”, in Charlton T[homas] Lewis; Charles [Lancaster] Short (1879) […] A New Latin Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.; Cincinnati, Ohio; Chicago, Ill.: American Book Company; Oxford: Clarendon Press.
• paraveredus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette