patskanis
Latvian
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Vowel_triangel.png/250px-Vowel_triangel.png)
Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From pats (“self”) + skan(ēt) (“to sound”), made into a 2nd-declension noun (ending -is). A calque of German Selbstlaut (“vowel”) coined by Atis Kronvalds in the 1860s (initially as pašskanis). It competed with, and eventually replaced, other coinages such as G. F. Stenders' skandinieks, K. Biezbārdis' skanis, or A. Stērste's balsskanis. There was some variation (patskanis, pašskaņa, patskaņa) until the early 20th century. After J. Endzelīns' and K. Mīlenbahs' 1907 Latviešu Gramatika, the form patskanis stabilized. It became accepted as a standard linguistic term in the 1920s.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]patskanis m (2nd declension)
- (phonetics, phonology) vowel
- uzsvērti un neuzsvērti patskaņi ― stressed and unstressed vowels
- garie un īsie patskaņi ― long and short vowels
- patskaņu klasifikācija ― vowel classification
- šaurais patskanis (“e” vai “ē”) ― narrow, tense vowel (“e” or “ē”, pronounced as IPA [ɛ])
- platais patskanis (“e” vai “ē”) ― broad, lax vowel (“e” or “ē”, pronounced as IPA [æ])
- ritma, lāpāmais patskanis ― rhythmic vowel (added for prosodic or metric reasons)
Declension
[edit]Declension of patskanis (2nd declension)
singular (vienskaitlis) | plural (daudzskaitlis) | |
---|---|---|
nominative (nominatīvs) | patskanis | patskaņi |
accusative (akuzatīvs) | patskani | patskaņus |
genitive (ģenitīvs) | patskaņa | patskaņu |
dative (datīvs) | patskanim | patskaņiem |
instrumental (instrumentālis) | patskani | patskaņiem |
locative (lokatīvs) | patskanī | patskaņos |
vocative (vokatīvs) | patskani | patskaņi |
Synonyms
[edit]- vokālis
- (obsolete terms) balsskanis, skandinieks, skanis
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “patskanis”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Categories:
- Latvian etymologies from LEV
- Latvian compound terms
- Latvian terms calqued from German
- Latvian terms derived from German
- Latvian terms coined by Atis Kronvalds
- Latvian coinages
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian nouns
- Latvian masculine nouns
- lv:Phonetics
- lv:Phonology
- Latvian terms with usage examples
- Latvian second declension nouns