umerus

Latin

Alternative forms

• humerus (rare in Classical texts)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃émsos (“shoulder”) by rhotacism and vowel anaptyxis -ms- > -mer-. Cognates include Ancient Greek ὦμος (ômos), Sanskrit अंस (áṃsa), and Gothic 𐌰𐌼𐍃 (ams).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈu.me.rus/, [ˈʊmɛrʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈu.me.rus/, [ˈuːmerus]

Noun

umerus m (genitive umerī); second declension

1. (anatomy) the humerus bone
2. shoulder (especially of a human)
3. back, ridge, such as of a mountain

Declension

Second-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	umerus	umerī
Genitive	umerī	umerōrum
Dative	umerō	umerīs
Accusative	umerum	umerōs
Ablative	umerō	umerīs
Vocative	umere	umerī

Descendants

• Aromanian: anumir, numir, umir
• Asturian: hombru
• Catalan: húmer (borrowing)
• English: humerus (borrowing)
• French: humérus (borrowing)
• Galician: ombro, ombreiro, úmero (borrowing)

• Italian: omero
• Old Galician-Portuguese: ombro
• Portuguese: ombro, úmero (borrowing)
• Romanian: umăr, humerus (borrowing)
• Spanish: hombro, húmero (borrowing)

References

• “umerus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “umerus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• umerus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.