ἤπιος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

According to Van Beek, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂pyos (“friendly”). Cognate with Sanskrit आपि (āpí, “ally, friend, confederate”), आप्य (ā́pya, “kind, friendly”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ɛ̌ː.pi.os/ → /ˈi.pi.os/ → /ˈi.pi.os/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ɛ̌ː.pi.os/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈe̝.pi.os/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.pi.os/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.pi.os/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈi.pi.os/

Adjective

ἤπῐος • (ḗpios) m (feminine ἠπῐ́ᾱ, neuter ἤπῐον); first/second declension

1. gentle, kind (of persons, of words, of feelings)
2. mild, less intense (of temperature)
3. soothing, assuaging, appeasing

Declension

First and second declension of ἤπῐος; ἠπῐ́ᾱ; ἤπῐον (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ἤπῐος ḗpios	ἠπῐ́ᾱ ēpíā	ἤπῐον ḗpion		ἠπῐ́ω ēpíō	ἠπῐ́ᾱ ēpíā	ἠπῐ́ω ēpíō		ἤπῐοι ḗpioi	ἤπῐαι ḗpiai	ἤπῐᾰ ḗpia
Genitive		ἠπῐ́ου ēpíou	ἠπῐ́ᾱς ēpíās	ἠπῐ́ου ēpíou		ἠπῐ́οιν ēpíoin	ἠπῐ́αιν ēpíain	ἠπῐ́οιν ēpíoin		ἠπῐ́ων ēpíōn	ἠπῐ́ων ēpíōn	ἠπῐ́ων ēpíōn
Dative		ἠπῐ́ῳ ēpíōi	ἠπῐ́ᾳ ēpíāi	ἠπῐ́ῳ ēpíōi		ἠπῐ́οιν ēpíoin	ἠπῐ́αιν ēpíain	ἠπῐ́οιν ēpíoin		ἠπῐ́οις ēpíois	ἠπῐ́αις ēpíais	ἠπῐ́οις ēpíois
Accusative		ἤπῐον ḗpion	ἠπῐ́ᾱν ēpíān	ἤπῐον ḗpion		ἠπῐ́ω ēpíō	ἠπῐ́ᾱ ēpíā	ἠπῐ́ω ēpíō		ἠπῐ́ους ēpíous	ἠπῐ́ᾱς ēpíās	ἤπῐᾰ ḗpia
Vocative		ἤπῐε ḗpie	ἠπῐ́ᾱ ēpíā	ἤπῐον ḗpion		ἠπῐ́ω ēpíō	ἠπῐ́ᾱ ēpíā	ἠπῐ́ω ēpíō		ἤπῐοι ḗpioi	ἤπῐαι ḗpiai	ἤπῐᾰ ḗpia
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		ἠπῐ́ως ēpíōs				ἠπῐώτερος ēpiṓteros				ἠπῐώτᾰτος ēpiṓtatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἠπιαίνω (ēpiaínō)
• Ἠπιόνη (Ēpiónē)
• ἠπιότης (ēpiótēs)
• ἠπιόφρων (ēpióphrōn)
• ἠπιόχειρ (ēpiókheir)

 

Descendants

• Greek: ήπιος (ípios)

Further reading

• “ἤπιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἤπιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἤπιος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἤπιος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἤπιος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN