κρύος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Uncertain. Traditionally compared with Latin crusta, but there are semantic problems with this connection. Also compare Tocharian B kuraś, Latvian kruvesis, and Old High German hroso. Also see κρύσταλλος (krustallos) and κρυμός (krumos).

Pronunciation

• (5th BC Attic): IPA: /krý.os/

• (1st BC Egyptian): IPA: /krýos/

• (4th AD Koine): IPA: /krýos/

• (10th AD Byzantine): IPA: /krýos/

• (15th AD Constantinopolitan): IPA: /kɾíos/

Noun

κρύος (genitive κρύεος, κρύους) n, third declension; (kruos)

1. cold, chilliness
2. frost
3. ice

Inflection

Third declension of κρύος, κρύεος (uncontracted)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	κρύος	κρύεε	κρύεᾰ
Genitive	κρύεος	κρυέοιν	κρυέων
Dative	κρύεϊ	κρυέοιν	κρύεσσῐ(ν)
Accusative	κρύος	κρύεε	κρύεᾰ
Vocative	κρύος	κρύεε	κρύεᾰ

This inflection pattern originally had a sigma (i.e. κρύεσος), which was dropped early on in the history of Ancient Greek.

Third declension of κρύος, κρύους (contracted)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	κρύος	κρύει	κρύη
Genitive	κρύους	κρυοῖν	κρυῶν
Dative	κρύει	κρυοῖν	κρύεσῐ(ν)
Accusative	κρύος	κρύει	κρύη
Vocative	κρύος	κρύει	κρύη

The irregular accentuation of this paradigm is explained by the fact that it is the contracted version of the above paradigm.

References

• LSJ
• Robert S. P. Beekes (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Brill Academic Publishers)

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Greek

Adjective

κρύος m  (krýos)   feminine κρύα, neuter κρύο

1. cold, chilled, chilly, cool

Declension

positive forms of κρύος

number  case   \   gender	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	κρύος	κρύα	κρύο	κρύοι	κρύες	κρύα
genitive	κρύου	κρύας	κρύου	κρύων	κρύων	κρύων
accusative	κρύο	κρύα	κρύο	κρύους	κρύες	κρύα
vocative	κρύε	κρύα	κρύο	κρύοι	κρύες	κρύα
derivations	comparative: πιο + positive forms (eg "πιο κρύος", etc) relative superlative: ο πιο + positive forms (eg "ο πιο κρύος", etc)