грохам
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Bulgarian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *groxati, of onomatopoeic origin.
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
гро́хам • (gróham) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective гро́хна)
- (transitive) to clap, to strike with a dull object
- (intransitive) to slam, to clatter, to blatter (in result of a strike)
- (intransitive) to drop, to collapse with a bang
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of гро́хам (conjugation 3, imperfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | гро́хащ gróhašt |
гро́хал, гроха́л1 gróhal, grohál1 |
гро́хал gróhal |
гро́хан gróhan |
гро́хайки gróhajki | |
| definite subject form | гро́хащият gróhaštijat |
гро́халият, гроха́лият1 gróhalijat, grohálijat1 |
— | гро́ханият gróhanijat | |||
| definite object form | гро́хащия gróhaštija |
гро́халия, гроха́лия1 gróhalija, grohálija1 |
— | гро́хания gróhanija | |||
| feminine | indefinite | гро́хаща gróhašta |
гро́хала, гроха́ла1 gróhala, grohála1 |
гро́хала gróhala |
гро́хана gróhana | ||
| definite | гро́хащата gróhaštata |
гро́халата, гроха́лата1 gróhalata, grohálata1 |
— | гро́ханата gróhanata | |||
| neuter | indefinite | гро́хащо gróhašto |
гро́хало, гроха́ло1 gróhalo, grohálo1 |
гро́хало gróhalo |
гро́хано gróhano |
гро́хане gróhane | |
| definite | гро́хащото gróhaštoto |
гро́халото, гроха́лото1 gróhaloto, groháloto1 |
— | гро́ханото gróhanoto |
гро́хането gróhaneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | гро́хащи gróhašti |
гро́хали, гроха́ли1 gróhali, groháli1 |
гро́хали gróhali |
гро́хани gróhani |
гро́хания, гро́ханета gróhanija, gróhaneta | |
| definite | гро́хащите gróhaštite |
гро́халите, гроха́лите1 gróhalite, grohálite1 |
— | гро́ханите gróhanite |
гро́ханията, гро́ханетата gróhanijata, gróhanetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | гро́хам gróham |
гро́хаш gróhaš |
гро́ха gróha |
гро́хаме gróhame |
гро́хате gróhate |
гро́хат gróhat | |
| imperfect | гро́хах gróhah |
гро́хаше gróhaše |
гро́хаше gróhaše |
гро́хахме gróhahme |
гро́хахте gróhahte |
гро́хаха gróhaha | |
| aorist | гро́хах, гроха́х1 gróhah, groháh1 |
гро́ха, гроха́1 gróha, grohá1 |
гро́ха, гроха́1 gróha, grohá1 |
гро́хахме, гроха́хме1 gróhahme, groháhme1 |
гро́хахте, гроха́хте1 gróhahte, groháhte1 |
гро́хаха, гроха́ха1 gróhaha, groháha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and гро́хал/гроха́л1 m, гро́хала/гроха́ла1 f, гро́хало/гроха́ло1 n, or гро́хали/гроха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and гро́хал/гроха́л1 m, гро́хала/гроха́ла1 f, гро́хало/гроха́ло1 n, or гро́хали/гроха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and гро́хал/гроха́л1 m, гро́хала/гроха́ла1 f, гро́хало/гроха́ло1 n, or гро́хали/гроха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and гро́хал/гроха́л1 m, гро́хала/гроха́ла1 f, гро́хало/гроха́ло1 n, or гро́хали/гроха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and гро́хал m, гро́хала f, гро́хало n, or гро́хали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and гро́хал/гроха́л1 m, гро́хала/гроха́ла1 f, гро́хало/гроха́ло1 n, or гро́хали/гроха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and гро́хал/гроха́л1 m, гро́хала/гроха́ла1 f, гро́хало/гроха́ло1 n, or гро́хали/гроха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and гро́хал/гроха́л1 m, гро́хала/гроха́ла1 f, гро́хало/гроха́ло1 n, or гро́хали/гроха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and гро́хал m, гро́хала f, гро́хало n, or гро́хали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and гро́хал/гроха́л1 m, гро́хала/гроха́ла1 f, гро́хало/гроха́ло1 n, or гро́хали/гроха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and гро́хал/гроха́л1 m, гро́хала/гроха́ла1 f, гро́хало/гроха́ло1 n, or гро́хали/гроха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and гро́хал m, гро́хала f, гро́хало n, or гро́хали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and гро́хал/гроха́л1 m, гро́хала/гроха́ла1 f, гро́хало/гроха́ло1 n, or гро́хали/гроха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and гро́хал/гроха́л1 m, гро́хала/гроха́ла1 f, гро́хало/гроха́ло1 n, or гро́хали/гроха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and гро́хал/гроха́л1 m, гро́хала/гроха́ла1 f, гро́хало/гроха́ло1 n, or гро́хали/гроха́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and гро́хал/гроха́л1 m, гро́хала/гроха́ла1 f, гро́хало/гроха́ло1 n, or гро́хали/гроха́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| гро́хай gróhaj |
гро́хайте gróhajte |
||||||
1Dialectally marked.
Derived terms[edit]
- гро́хвам (gróhvam), гро́хкам (gróhkam) (semelfactive)
- гроха́ч (groháč) (agent or instrumental noun, dialectal)
- гро́хот (gróhot, “rumble”)
References[edit]
- “грохам”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “грохам”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Nayden Gerov (1895) “гро́хамь”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language][1] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 249
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “грохам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 285