лича

Bulgarian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ličiti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [liˈt͡ʃa̟]

Verb

лича́ • (ličá) first-singular present indicative, impf

1. (transitive, obsolete) to discern, to distinguish, to recognize

   Мога да лича действителното от фалшификата.

   Moga da liča dejstvitelnoto ot falšifikata.

   I can distinguish the genuine [product] from the fake.

2. (intransitive, mostly impersonal) to seem, to appear as, to evince

   някому не му личи ― njakomu ne mu liči ― it does not show

3. (reflexive with си) to be obvious, to stand out

   личи си, че ... ― liči si, če ... ― it is obvious that

   личи си от далече ― liči si ot daleče ― it stands out from afar

Usage notes

For the intransitive sense, 1st. and 2nd. person forms are rarely used.

Conjugation

Obsolete, rare:

    Conjugation of лича́ (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, transitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	лича́щ, личе́щ1 ličášt, ličéšt1	личи́л ličíl	лича́л, личе́л1 ličál, ličél1	личе́н ličén		личе́йки ličéjki
	definite subject form	лича́щият, личе́щият1 ličáštijat, ličéštijat1	личи́лият ličílijat	—	личе́ният ličénijat
	definite object form	лича́щия, личе́щия1 ličáštija, ličéštija1	личи́лия ličílija	—	личе́ния ličénija
feminine	indefinite	лича́ща, личе́ща1 ličášta, ličéšta1	личи́ла ličíla	лича́ла, личе́ла1 ličála, ličéla1	личе́на ličéna
	definite	лича́щата, личе́щата1 ličáštata, ličéštata1	личи́лата ličílata	—	личе́ната ličénata
neuter	indefinite	лича́що, личе́що1 ličášto, ličéšto1	личи́ло ličílo	лича́ло, личе́ло1 ličálo, ličélo1	личе́но ličéno	личе́не ličéne
	definite	лича́щото, личе́щото1 ličáštoto, ličéštoto1	личи́лото ličíloto	—	личе́ното ličénoto	личе́нето ličéneto
plural	indefinite	лича́щи, личе́щи1 ličášti, ličéšti1	личи́ли ličíli	лича́ли, личе́ли1 ličáli, ličéli1	личе́ни ličéni	личе́ния, личе́нета ličénija, ličéneta
	definite	лича́щите, личе́щите1 ličáštite, ličéštite1	личи́лите ličílite	—	личе́ните ličénite	личе́нията, личе́нетата ličénijata, ličénetata

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		лича́ ličá	личи́ш ličíš	личи́ ličí	личи́м ličím	личи́те ličíte	лича́т ličát
imperfect		лича́х, личе́х1 ličáh, ličéh1	личе́ше ličéše	личе́ше ličéše	лича́хме, личе́хме1 ličáhme, ličéhme1	лича́хте, личе́хте1 ličáhte, ličéhte1	лича́ха, личе́ха1 ličáha, ličéha1
aorist		личи́х ličíh	личи́ ličí	личи́ ličí	личи́хме ličíhme	личи́хте ličíhte	личи́ха ličíha
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and лича́л/личе́л1 m, лича́ла/личе́ла1 f, лича́ло/личе́ло1 n, or лича́ли/личе́ли1 pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and лича́л/личе́л1 m, лича́ла/личе́ла1 f, лича́ло/личе́ло1 n, or лича́ли/личе́ли1 pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and лича́л/личе́л1 m, лича́ла/личе́ла1 f, лича́ло/личе́ло1 n, or лича́ли/личе́ли1 pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			личи́ ličí			личе́те ličéte

¹Largely fallen into disuse.

Normal:

    Conjugation of лича́ (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, intransitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	лича́щ, личе́щ1 ličášt, ličéšt1	личи́л ličíl	лича́л, личе́л1 ličál, ličél1	—		личе́йки ličéjki
	definite subject form	лича́щият, личе́щият1 ličáštijat, ličéštijat1	личи́лият ličílijat	—	—
	definite object form	лича́щия, личе́щия1 ličáštija, ličéštija1	личи́лия ličílija	—	—
feminine	indefinite	лича́ща, личе́ща1 ličášta, ličéšta1	личи́ла ličíla	лича́ла, личе́ла1 ličála, ličéla1	—
	definite	лича́щата, личе́щата1 ličáštata, ličéštata1	личи́лата ličílata	—	—
neuter	indefinite	лича́що, личе́що1 ličášto, ličéšto1	личи́ло ličílo	лича́ло, личе́ло1 ličálo, ličélo1	—	личе́не ličéne
	definite	лича́щото, личе́щото1 ličáštoto, ličéštoto1	личи́лото ličíloto	—	—	личе́нето ličéneto
plural	indefinite	лича́щи, личе́щи1 ličášti, ličéšti1	личи́ли ličíli	лича́ли, личе́ли1 ličáli, ličéli1	—	личе́ния, личе́нета ličénija, ličéneta
	definite	лича́щите, личе́щите1 ličáštite, ličéštite1	личи́лите ličílite	—	—	личе́нията, личе́нетата ličénijata, ličénetata

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		лича́ ličá	личи́ш ličíš	личи́ ličí	личи́м ličím	личи́те ličíte	лича́т ličát
imperfect		лича́х, личе́х1 ličáh, ličéh1	личе́ше ličéše	личе́ше ličéše	лича́хме, личе́хме1 ličáhme, ličéhme1	лича́хте, личе́хте1 ličáhte, ličéhte1	лича́ха, личе́ха1 ličáha, ličéha1
aorist		личи́х ličíh	личи́ ličí	личи́ ličí	личи́хме ličíhme	личи́хте ličíhte	личи́ха ličíha
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and лича́л/личе́л1 m, лича́ла/личе́ла1 f, лича́ло/личе́ло1 n, or лича́ли/личе́ли1 pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and лича́л/личе́л1 m, лича́ла/личе́ла1 f, лича́ло/личе́ло1 n, or лича́ли/личе́ли1 pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and лича́л/личе́л1 m, лича́ла/личе́ла1 f, лича́ло/личе́ло1 n, or лича́ли/личе́ли1 pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and личи́л m, личи́ла f, личи́ло n, or личи́ли pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			личи́ ličí			личе́те ličéte

¹Largely fallen into disuse.

Derived terms

verbs

• залича pf (zaliča), заличавам impf (zaličavam)
• излича pf (izliča), изличавам impf (izličavam)
• олича pf (oliča), оличавам impf (oličavam)
• отлича pf (otliča), отличавам impf (otličavam)
• прелича pf (preliča), преличавам impf (preličavam)
• пролича pf (proliča), проличавам impf (proličavam)
• различа pf (različa), различавам impf (različavam)
• слича pf (sliča), сличавам impf (sličavam) (dialectal)
• улича pf (uliča), уличавам impf (uličavam)

 

verbs

• налича pf (naliča), наличам impf (naličam) (dialectal)
• прилича pf (priliča), приличам impf (priličam)

 

nouns

• (action noun) ли́чба (líčba)
• (instrumental noun) личи́ло (ličílo)
• (abstract noun) личота́ (ličotá)

 

Related terms

• лик (lik, “facial feature”), ли́ка (líka, “trait, distinctive property”)
• лице́ (licé, “face, persona”)
  • ли́чен (líčen, “personal”)
  • ли́чност (líčnost, “person”)

See also

• ли́кам (líkam), ли́чкам (líčkam, “to gush out, to flush”) (dialectal, unrelated)

References

• “лича”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “лича”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Nayden Gerov (1899) “личѭ́, -и́шь; -чи́лъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎^[1] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 17
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “лича”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 441