читам
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Bulgarian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Slavic *čitati, usually with an additional intensive nuance compared to чета (četa). Attested in Western and Southern dialects. Cognate with Russian чита́ть (čitátʹ).
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
чи́там • (čítam) first-singular present indicative, impf
- (dialectal, transitive) Alternative form of чета (četa)
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of чи́там (conjugation 3, imperfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | чи́тащ čítašt |
чи́тал, чита́л1 čítal, čitál1 |
чи́тал čítal |
чи́тан čítan |
чи́тайки čítajki | |
| definite subject form | чи́тащият čítaštijat |
чи́талият, чита́лият1 čítalijat, čitálijat1 |
— | чи́таният čítanijat | |||
| definite object form | чи́тащия čítaštija |
чи́талия, чита́лия1 čítalija, čitálija1 |
— | чи́тания čítanija | |||
| feminine | indefinite | чи́таща čítašta |
чи́тала, чита́ла1 čítala, čitála1 |
чи́тала čítala |
чи́тана čítana | ||
| definite | чи́тащата čítaštata |
чи́талата, чита́лата1 čítalata, čitálata1 |
— | чи́таната čítanata | |||
| neuter | indefinite | чи́тащо čítašto |
чи́тало, чита́ло1 čítalo, čitálo1 |
чи́тало čítalo |
чи́тано čítano |
чи́тане čítane | |
| definite | чи́тащото čítaštoto |
чи́талото, чита́лото1 čítaloto, čitáloto1 |
— | чи́таното čítanoto |
чи́тането čítaneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | чи́тащи čítašti |
чи́тали, чита́ли1 čítali, čitáli1 |
чи́тали čítali |
чи́тани čítani |
чи́тания, чи́танета čítanija, čítaneta | |
| definite | чи́тащите čítaštite |
чи́талите, чита́лите1 čítalite, čitálite1 |
— | чи́таните čítanite |
чи́танията, чи́танетата čítanijata, čítanetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | чи́там čítam |
чи́таш čítaš |
чи́та číta |
чи́таме čítame |
чи́тате čítate |
чи́тат čítat | |
| imperfect | чи́тах čítah |
чи́таше čítaše |
чи́таше čítaše |
чи́тахме čítahme |
чи́тахте čítahte |
чи́таха čítaha | |
| aorist | чи́тах, чита́х1 čítah, čitáh1 |
чи́та, чита́1 číta, čitá1 |
чи́та, чита́1 číta, čitá1 |
чи́тахме, чита́хме1 čítahme, čitáhme1 |
чи́тахте, чита́хте1 čítahte, čitáhte1 |
чи́таха, чита́ха1 čítaha, čitáha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and чи́тал/чита́л1 m, чи́тала/чита́ла1 f, чи́тало/чита́ло1 n, or чи́тали/чита́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and чи́тал/чита́л1 m, чи́тала/чита́ла1 f, чи́тало/чита́ло1 n, or чи́тали/чита́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and чи́тал/чита́л1 m, чи́тала/чита́ла1 f, чи́тало/чита́ло1 n, or чи́тали/чита́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and чи́тал/чита́л1 m, чи́тала/чита́ла1 f, чи́тало/чита́ло1 n, or чи́тали/чита́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and чи́тал m, чи́тала f, чи́тало n, or чи́тали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and чи́тал/чита́л1 m, чи́тала/чита́ла1 f, чи́тало/чита́ло1 n, or чи́тали/чита́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and чи́тал/чита́л1 m, чи́тала/чита́ла1 f, чи́тало/чита́ло1 n, or чи́тали/чита́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and чи́тал/чита́л1 m, чи́тала/чита́ла1 f, чи́тало/чита́ло1 n, or чи́тали/чита́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and чи́тал m, чи́тала f, чи́тало n, or чи́тали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and чи́тал/чита́л1 m, чи́тала/чита́ла1 f, чи́тало/чита́ло1 n, or чи́тали/чита́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and чи́тал/чита́л1 m, чи́тала/чита́ла1 f, чи́тало/чита́ло1 n, or чи́тали/чита́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and чи́тал m, чи́тала f, чи́тало n, or чи́тали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and чи́тал/чита́л1 m, чи́тала/чита́ла1 f, чи́тало/чита́ло1 n, or чи́тали/чита́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and чи́тал/чита́л1 m, чи́тала/чита́ла1 f, чи́тало/чита́ло1 n, or чи́тали/чита́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and чи́тал/чита́л1 m, чи́тала/чита́ла1 f, чи́тало/чита́ло1 n, or чи́тали/чита́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and чи́тал/чита́л1 m, чи́тала/чита́ла1 f, чи́тало/чита́ло1 n, or чи́тали/чита́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| чи́тай čítaj |
чи́тайте čítajte |
||||||
1Dialectally marked.
Derived terms[edit]
- дочитам (dočitam, “to read to the end”)
- зачитам (začitam, “to start reading”)
- изчитам (izčitam, “to read all”)
- отчитам (otčitam, “to account”)
- почитам (počitam, “to honour”)
- пречитам (prečitam, “to reread”)
- прочитам (pročitam, “to read up”)
- разчитам (razčitam, “to rely”)
- считам (sčitam, “to consider”)