سفح

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Arabic

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Root
س ف ح (s-f-ḥ)

Verb

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سَفَحَ • (safaḥa) I, non-past يَسْفَحُ‎ (yasfaḥu)

  1. to pour, to flow
  2. to spill, to shed
    Synonym: سَفَكَ (safaka)
    • c. 563, طرفة بن العبد, ديوان طرفة بن العبد شرح الأعلم الشنتمري:
      إِنِّي وَجَدِّكَ مَا هَجَوْتُكَ وَٱلْأَنْصَابُ يُسْفَحُ بَيْنَهُنَّ دَمُ
      ʔinnī wajaddika mā hajawtuka wal-ʔanṣābu yusfaḥu baynahunna damu
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 6:145:
      إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ مَيْتَةً أَوْ دَمًا مَسْفُوحًا أَوْ لَحْمَ خِنْزِيرٍ
      ʔillā ʔan yakūna maytatan ʔaw daman masfūḥan ʔaw laḥma ḵinzīrin
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Conjugation

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Conjugation of
سَفَحَ
(form-I sound, verbal noun سَفْح)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
سَفْح

safḥ
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
sāfiḥ
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
masfūḥ
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
safaḥtu
safaḥta
سَفَحَ

safaḥa
safaḥtumā
safaḥā
safaḥnā
safaḥtum
safaḥū
f
safaḥti
safaḥat
safaḥatā
safaḥtunna
safaḥna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔasfaḥu
tasfaḥu
yasfaḥu
tasfaḥāni
yasfaḥāni
nasfaḥu
tasfaḥūna
yasfaḥūna
f
tasfaḥīna
tasfaḥu
tasfaḥāni
tasfaḥna
yasfaḥna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔasfaḥa
tasfaḥa
yasfaḥa
tasfaḥā
yasfaḥā
nasfaḥa
tasfaḥū
yasfaḥū
f
tasfaḥī
tasfaḥa
tasfaḥā
tasfaḥna
yasfaḥna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔasfaḥ
tasfaḥ
yasfaḥ
tasfaḥā
yasfaḥā
nasfaḥ
tasfaḥū
yasfaḥū
f
tasfaḥī
tasfaḥ
tasfaḥā
tasfaḥna
yasfaḥna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
isfaḥ
isfaḥā
isfaḥū
f
isfaḥī
isfaḥna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
sufiḥtu
sufiḥta
سُفِحَ

sufiḥa
sufiḥtumā
sufiḥā
sufiḥnā
sufiḥtum
sufiḥū
f
sufiḥti
sufiḥat
sufiḥatā
sufiḥtunna
sufiḥna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔusfaḥu
tusfaḥu
yusfaḥu
tusfaḥāni
yusfaḥāni
nusfaḥu
tusfaḥūna
yusfaḥūna
f
tusfaḥīna
tusfaḥu
tusfaḥāni
tusfaḥna
yusfaḥna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔusfaḥa
tusfaḥa
yusfaḥa
tusfaḥā
yusfaḥā
nusfaḥa
tusfaḥū
yusfaḥū
f
tusfaḥī
tusfaḥa
tusfaḥā
tusfaḥna
yusfaḥna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔusfaḥ
tusfaḥ
yusfaḥ
tusfaḥā
yusfaḥā
nusfaḥ
tusfaḥū
yusfaḥū
f
tusfaḥī
tusfaḥ
tusfaḥā
tusfaḥna
yusfaḥna

Noun

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سَفْح • (safḥ) m

  1. verbal noun of سَفَحَ (safaḥa) (form I)

Declension

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Declension of noun سَفْح (safḥ)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal سَفْح
safḥ 		السَّفْح
as-safḥ 		سَفْح
safḥ
Nominative سَفْحٌ
safḥun 		السَّفْحُ
as-safḥu 		سَفْحُ
safḥu
Accusative سَفْحًا
safḥan 		السَّفْحَ
as-safḥa 		سَفْحَ
safḥa
Genitive سَفْحٍ
safḥin 		السَّفْحِ
as-safḥi 		سَفْحِ
safḥi

Noun

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سَفْح • (safḥ) m (plural سُفُوح (sufūḥ) or أَسْفَاح (ʔasfāḥ))

  1. bottom
  2. foot (of a mountain)
    • a. 660 CE, Ali ibn Abi Talib, Nahj Al-Balaghah:
      فَإِذَا نَزَلْتُمْ بِعَدُوٍّ، أَوْ نَزَلَ بِكُمْ، فَلْيَكُنْ مُعَسْكَرُكُمْ فِي قُبُلِ الأَشْرَافِ، وَأَسْفَاحِ الجِبَالِ، وَأَثْنَاءِ الأَنْهَارِ
      faʔiḏā nazaltum biʕaduwwin, ʔaw nazala bikum, falyakun muʕaskarukum fī qubuli l-ʔašrāfi, waʔasfāḥi al-jibāli, waʔaṯnāʔi l-ʔanhāri
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Declension

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Declension of noun سَفْح (safḥ)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal سَفْح
safḥ 		السَّفْح
as-safḥ 		سَفْح
safḥ
Nominative سَفْحٌ
safḥun 		السَّفْحُ
as-safḥu 		سَفْحُ
safḥu
Accusative سَفْحًا
safḥan 		السَّفْحَ
as-safḥa 		سَفْحَ
safḥa
Genitive سَفْحٍ
safḥin 		السَّفْحِ
as-safḥi 		سَفْحِ
safḥi
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal سَفْحَيْن
safḥayn 		السَّفْحَيْن
as-safḥayn 		سَفْحَيْ
safḥay
Nominative سَفْحَانِ
safḥāni 		السَّفْحَانِ
as-safḥāni 		سَفْحَا
safḥā
Accusative سَفْحَيْنِ
safḥayni 		السَّفْحَيْنِ
as-safḥayni 		سَفْحَيْ
safḥay
Genitive سَفْحَيْنِ
safḥayni 		السَّفْحَيْنِ
as-safḥayni 		سَفْحَيْ
safḥay
Plural basic broken plural triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal سُفُوح‎; أَسْفَاح
sufūḥ‎; ʔasfāḥ 		السُّفُوح‎; الْأَسْفَاح
as-sufūḥ‎; al-ʔasfāḥ 		سُفُوح‎; أَسْفَاح
sufūḥ‎; ʔasfāḥ
Nominative سُفُوحٌ‎; أَسْفَاحٌ
sufūḥun‎; ʔasfāḥun 		السُّفُوحُ‎; الْأَسْفَاحُ
as-sufūḥu‎; al-ʔasfāḥu 		سُفُوحُ‎; أَسْفَاحُ
sufūḥu‎; ʔasfāḥu
Accusative سُفُوحًا‎; أَسْفَاحًا
sufūḥan‎; ʔasfāḥan 		السُّفُوحَ‎; الْأَسْفَاحَ
as-sufūḥa‎; al-ʔasfāḥa 		سُفُوحَ‎; أَسْفَاحَ
sufūḥa‎; ʔasfāḥa
Genitive سُفُوحٍ‎; أَسْفَاحٍ
sufūḥin‎; ʔasfāḥin 		السُّفُوحِ‎; الْأَسْفَاحِ
as-sufūḥi‎; al-ʔasfāḥi 		سُفُوحِ‎; أَسْفَاحِ
sufūḥi‎; ʔasfāḥi

References

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  • Lane, Edward William (1863) “سفح”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎[1], London: Williams & Norgate
  • Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “سفح”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎[2], London: W.H. Allen
  • Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “سفح”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎[3] (in French), Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie
  • Wehr, Hans (1979) “سفح”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
  • Баранов, Х. К. (2011) “سفح”, in Большой арабско-русский словарь (Bolʹšoj arabsko-russkij slovarʹ), 11th edition, Москва: Живой язык, →ISBN
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