عتر

See also: عثر

Arabic

Root
ع ت ر (ʕ-t-r)

Verb

عَتَرَ • (ʕatara) I, non-past يَعْتِرُ‎ (yaʕtiru)

1. to slaughter for offering, to sacrifice (a عَتِيرَة (ʕatīra))
   • 7th century CE, Sunan an-Nasāʾiyy, 41:5:

     فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ: «يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، الْعَتَائِرُ وَٱلْفَرَائِعُ؟‏» قَالَ ‏«‏مَنْ شَاءَ عَتَرَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ لَمْ يَعْتِرْ، وَمَنْ شَاءَ فَرَّعَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ لَمْ يُفَرِّعْ فِي الْغَنَمِ أُضْحِيَتُهَا.»‏

     faqāla rajulun mina n-nāsi: “yā rasūla l-lahi, al-ʕatāʔiru wal-farāʔiʕu?” qāla “man šāʔa ʕatara waman šāʔa lam yaʕtir, waman šāʔa farraʕa waman šāʔa lam yufarriʕ fī l-ḡanami ʔuḍḥiyatuhā.”

     Then a man among the people said: “O Messenger of Allah, what about the goat slaughter and goat firstling slaughter?“ He said: Whoso wishes to offer a goat may do so, and whoso does not wish to may not. Whoso wishes to offer a firstling may do so, and whoso does not wish to may not. And with regard to sheep, a sacrifice should be made.”

Conjugation

Conjugation of

عَتَرَ

(form-I sound, verbal noun عَتْر)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						عَتْر ʕatr
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						عَاتِر ʕātir
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَعْتُور maʕtūr
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عَتَرْتُ ʕatartu	عَتَرْتَ ʕatarta	عَتَرَ ʕatara		عَتَرْتُمَا ʕatartumā	عَتَرَا ʕatarā		عَتَرْنَا ʕatarnā	عَتَرْتُمْ ʕatartum	عَتَرُوا ʕatarū
	f		عَتَرْتِ ʕatarti	عَتَرَتْ ʕatarat			عَتَرَتَا ʕataratā			عَتَرْتُنَّ ʕatartunna	عَتَرْنَ ʕatarna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَعْتِرُ ʔaʕtiru	تَعْتِرُ taʕtiru	يَعْتِرُ yaʕtiru		تَعْتِرَانِ taʕtirāni	يَعْتِرَانِ yaʕtirāni		نَعْتِرُ naʕtiru	تَعْتِرُونَ taʕtirūna	يَعْتِرُونَ yaʕtirūna
	f		تَعْتِرِينَ taʕtirīna	تَعْتِرُ taʕtiru			تَعْتِرَانِ taʕtirāni			تَعْتِرْنَ taʕtirna	يَعْتِرْنَ yaʕtirna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَعْتِرَ ʔaʕtira	تَعْتِرَ taʕtira	يَعْتِرَ yaʕtira		تَعْتِرَا taʕtirā	يَعْتِرَا yaʕtirā		نَعْتِرَ naʕtira	تَعْتِرُوا taʕtirū	يَعْتِرُوا yaʕtirū
	f		تَعْتِرِي taʕtirī	تَعْتِرَ taʕtira			تَعْتِرَا taʕtirā			تَعْتِرْنَ taʕtirna	يَعْتِرْنَ yaʕtirna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَعْتِرْ ʔaʕtir	تَعْتِرْ taʕtir	يَعْتِرْ yaʕtir		تَعْتِرَا taʕtirā	يَعْتِرَا yaʕtirā		نَعْتِرْ naʕtir	تَعْتِرُوا taʕtirū	يَعْتِرُوا yaʕtirū
	f		تَعْتِرِي taʕtirī	تَعْتِرْ taʕtir			تَعْتِرَا taʕtirā			تَعْتِرْنَ taʕtirna	يَعْتِرْنَ yaʕtirna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِعْتِرْ iʕtir			اِعْتِرَا iʕtirā				اِعْتِرُوا iʕtirū
	f		اِعْتِرِي iʕtirī							اِعْتِرْنَ iʕtirna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عُتِرْتُ ʕutirtu	عُتِرْتَ ʕutirta	عُتِرَ ʕutira		عُتِرْتُمَا ʕutirtumā	عُتِرَا ʕutirā		عُتِرْنَا ʕutirnā	عُتِرْتُمْ ʕutirtum	عُتِرُوا ʕutirū
	f		عُتِرْتِ ʕutirti	عُتِرَتْ ʕutirat			عُتِرَتَا ʕutiratā			عُتِرْتُنَّ ʕutirtunna	عُتِرْنَ ʕutirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُعْتَرُ ʔuʕtaru	تُعْتَرُ tuʕtaru	يُعْتَرُ yuʕtaru		تُعْتَرَانِ tuʕtarāni	يُعْتَرَانِ yuʕtarāni		نُعْتَرُ nuʕtaru	تُعْتَرُونَ tuʕtarūna	يُعْتَرُونَ yuʕtarūna
	f		تُعْتَرِينَ tuʕtarīna	تُعْتَرُ tuʕtaru			تُعْتَرَانِ tuʕtarāni			تُعْتَرْنَ tuʕtarna	يُعْتَرْنَ yuʕtarna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُعْتَرَ ʔuʕtara	تُعْتَرَ tuʕtara	يُعْتَرَ yuʕtara		تُعْتَرَا tuʕtarā	يُعْتَرَا yuʕtarā		نُعْتَرَ nuʕtara	تُعْتَرُوا tuʕtarū	يُعْتَرُوا yuʕtarū
	f		تُعْتَرِي tuʕtarī	تُعْتَرَ tuʕtara			تُعْتَرَا tuʕtarā			تُعْتَرْنَ tuʕtarna	يُعْتَرْنَ yuʕtarna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُعْتَرْ ʔuʕtar	تُعْتَرْ tuʕtar	يُعْتَرْ yuʕtar		تُعْتَرَا tuʕtarā	يُعْتَرَا yuʕtarā		نُعْتَرْ nuʕtar	تُعْتَرُوا tuʕtarū	يُعْتَرُوا yuʕtarū
	f		تُعْتَرِي tuʕtarī	تُعْتَرْ tuʕtar			تُعْتَرَا tuʕtarā			تُعْتَرْنَ tuʕtarna	يُعْتَرْنَ yuʕtarna

Noun

عِتْر • (ʕitr) m (collective, singulative عِتْرَة f (ʕitra))

1. original state, natural disposition
2. penis
3. Glossonema varians syn. Glossonema edule, the young fruits and leaves of which are eaten raw
4. caper (Capparis gen. and especially Capparis spinosa, and especially the edible buds from it)
5. idol offered to

Declension

Declension of noun عِتْر (ʕitr)

Collective	basic collective triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عِتْر ʕitr	الْعِتْر al-ʕitr	عِتْر ʕitr
Nominative	عِتْرٌ ʕitrun	الْعِتْرُ al-ʕitru	عِتْرُ ʕitru
Accusative	عِتْرًا ʕitran	الْعِتْرَ al-ʕitra	عِتْرَ ʕitra
Genitive	عِتْرٍ ʕitrin	الْعِتْرِ al-ʕitri	عِتْرِ ʕitri
Singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عِتْرَة ʕitra	الْعِتْرَة al-ʕitra	عِتْرَة ʕitrat
Nominative	عِتْرَةٌ ʕitratun	الْعِتْرَةُ al-ʕitratu	عِتْرَةُ ʕitratu
Accusative	عِتْرَةً ʕitratan	الْعِتْرَةَ al-ʕitrata	عِتْرَةَ ʕitrata
Genitive	عِتْرَةٍ ʕitratin	الْعِتْرَةِ al-ʕitrati	عِتْرَةِ ʕitrati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عِتْرَتَيْن ʕitratayn	الْعِتْرَتَيْن al-ʕitratayn	عِتْرَتَيْ ʕitratay
Nominative	عِتْرَتَانِ ʕitratāni	الْعِتْرَتَانِ al-ʕitratāni	عِتْرَتَا ʕitratā
Accusative	عِتْرَتَيْنِ ʕitratayni	الْعِتْرَتَيْنِ al-ʕitratayni	عِتْرَتَيْ ʕitratay
Genitive	عِتْرَتَيْنِ ʕitratayni	الْعِتْرَتَيْنِ al-ʕitratayni	عِتْرَتَيْ ʕitratay
Paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عِتْرَات ʕitrāt	الْعِتْرَات al-ʕitrāt	عِتْرَات ʕitrāt
Nominative	عِتْرَاتٌ ʕitrātun	الْعِتْرَاتُ al-ʕitrātu	عِتْرَاتُ ʕitrātu
Accusative	عِتْرَاتٍ ʕitrātin	الْعِتْرَاتِ al-ʕitrāti	عِتْرَاتِ ʕitrāti
Genitive	عِتْرَاتٍ ʕitrātin	الْعِتْرَاتِ al-ʕitrāti	عِتْرَاتِ ʕitrāti

Noun

عَتْر • (ʕatr) m

1. verbal noun of عَتَرَ (ʕatara) (form I)
2. penis

Declension

Declension of noun عَتْر (ʕatr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عَتْر ʕatr	الْعَتْر al-ʕatr	عَتْر ʕatr
Nominative	عَتْرٌ ʕatrun	الْعَتْرُ al-ʕatru	عَتْرُ ʕatru
Accusative	عَتْرًا ʕatran	الْعَتْرَ al-ʕatra	عَتْرَ ʕatra
Genitive	عَتْرٍ ʕatrin	الْعَتْرِ al-ʕatri	عَتْرِ ʕatri

References

• Freytag, Georg (1835) “عتر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[1] (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 103
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “عتر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[2], London: Williams & Norgate, page 1946
• Mandaville, James Paul (2011) Bedouin Ethnobotany. Plant Concepts and Uses in a Desert Pastoral World, Tuscon: University of Arizona Press, →ISBN, pages 114 and 282