فلس

Arabic

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Aramaic פֵילַס (pilas) / פלס (polləs) / ܦܠܣ / פּוּלְסָא (puləsā) / ܦܘܽܠܣܴܐ (puləsā), from Ancient Greek φόλλις (phóllis), from Latin follis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fils/
• IPA^(key): /fuls/
• IPA^(key): /fals/

Noun

فِلْس or فُلْس or فَلْس • (fils or fuls or fals) m (plural فُلُوس (fulūs) or أَفْلُس (ʔaflus))

1. a small-denomination coin, penny
2. (colloquial, in the plural) money

Declension

Declension of noun فِلْس (fils)‎; فُلْس (fuls)‎; فَلْس (fals)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	فِلْس‎; فُلْس‎; فَلْس fils‎; fuls‎; fals	الْفِلْس‎; الْفُلْس‎; الْفَلْس al-fils‎; al-fuls‎; al-fals	فِلْس‎; فُلْس‎; فَلْس fils‎; fuls‎; fals
Nominative	فِلْسٌ‎; فُلْسٌ‎; فَلْسٌ filsun‎; fulsun‎; falsun	الْفِلْسُ‎; الْفُلْسُ‎; الْفَلْسُ al-filsu‎; al-fulsu‎; al-falsu	فِلْسُ‎; فُلْسُ‎; فَلْسُ filsu‎; fulsu‎; falsu
Accusative	فِلْسًا‎; فُلْسًا‎; فَلْسًا filsan‎; fulsan‎; falsan	الْفِلْسَ‎; الْفُلْسَ‎; الْفَلْسَ al-filsa‎; al-fulsa‎; al-falsa	فِلْسَ‎; فُلْسَ‎; فَلْسَ filsa‎; fulsa‎; falsa
Genitive	فِلْسٍ‎; فُلْسٍ‎; فَلْسٍ filsin‎; fulsin‎; falsin	الْفِلْسِ‎; الْفُلْسِ‎; الْفَلْسِ al-filsi‎; al-fulsi‎; al-falsi	فِلْسِ‎; فُلْسِ‎; فَلْسِ filsi‎; fulsi‎; falsi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	فِلْسَيْن‎; فُلْسَيْن‎; فَلْسَيْن filsayn‎; fulsayn‎; falsayn	الْفِلْسَيْن‎; الْفُلْسَيْن‎; الْفَلْسَيْن al-filsayn‎; al-fulsayn‎; al-falsayn	فِلْسَيْ‎; فُلْسَيْ‎; فَلْسَيْ filsay‎; fulsay‎; falsay
Nominative	فِلْسَانِ‎; فُلْسَانِ‎; فَلْسَانِ filsāni‎; fulsāni‎; falsāni	الْفِلْسَانِ‎; الْفُلْسَانِ‎; الْفَلْسَانِ al-filsāni‎; al-fulsāni‎; al-falsāni	فِلْسَا‎; فُلْسَا‎; فَلْسَا filsā‎; fulsā‎; falsā
Accusative	فِلْسَيْنِ‎; فُلْسَيْنِ‎; فَلْسَيْنِ filsayni‎; fulsayni‎; falsayni	الْفِلْسَيْنِ‎; الْفُلْسَيْنِ‎; الْفَلْسَيْنِ al-filsayni‎; al-fulsayni‎; al-falsayni	فِلْسَيْ‎; فُلْسَيْ‎; فَلْسَيْ filsay‎; fulsay‎; falsay
Genitive	فِلْسَيْنِ‎; فُلْسَيْنِ‎; فَلْسَيْنِ filsayni‎; fulsayni‎; falsayni	الْفِلْسَيْنِ‎; الْفُلْسَيْنِ‎; الْفَلْسَيْنِ al-filsayni‎; al-fulsayni‎; al-falsayni	فِلْسَيْ‎; فُلْسَيْ‎; فَلْسَيْ filsay‎; fulsay‎; falsay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	فُلُوس‎; أَفْلُس fulūs‎; ʔaflus	الْفُلُوس‎; الْأَفْلُس al-fulūs‎; al-ʔaflus	فُلُوس‎; أَفْلُس fulūs‎; ʔaflus
Nominative	فُلُوسٌ‎; أَفْلُسٌ fulūsun‎; ʔaflusun	الْفُلُوسُ‎; الْأَفْلُسُ al-fulūsu‎; al-ʔaflusu	فُلُوسُ‎; أَفْلُسُ fulūsu‎; ʔaflusu
Accusative	فُلُوسًا‎; أَفْلُسًا fulūsan‎; ʔaflusan	الْفُلُوسَ‎; الْأَفْلُسَ al-fulūsa‎; al-ʔaflusa	فُلُوسَ‎; أَفْلُسَ fulūsa‎; ʔaflusa
Genitive	فُلُوسٍ‎; أَفْلُسٍ fulūsin‎; ʔaflusin	الْفُلُوسِ‎; الْأَفْلُسِ al-fulūsi‎; al-ʔaflusi	فُلُوسِ‎; أَفْلُسِ fulūsi‎; ʔaflusi

Derived terms

• فَلَّسَ (fallasa, “to bankrupt”)
• أَفْلَسَ (ʔaflasa, “to become bankrupt”)
  • إِفْلَاس (ʔiflās, “bankruptcy”)
• فَلَاسَة (falāsa, “bankruptcy”)

Descendants

• Egyptian Arabic: فلوس (flūs)
• Gulf Arabic: فلوس (flūs), فلس (fils)
• Hijazi Arabic: فلوس (fulūs, filūs)
• Maltese: flus
• Moroccan Arabic: فلوس (flūs), فلس (fals)
• → English: fils, fals
• → Dutch: floes
• → French: flouze
• → Indonesian: fulus
• → Swahili: fulusi
• → Swedish: flos
• → Ottoman Turkish: فلس (fels)
• → Turkish: fülus

Etymology 2

Denominal verb of فِلْس (fils).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fa.la.sa/

Verb

فَلَّسَ • (fallasa) II, non-past يُفَلِّسُ‎ (yufallisu)

1. to bankrupt, to make broke, to ruin, to render out of pennies
2. to cut the vines in straight line (because not every one who pruned the vines had the capacity to do so)
   • Dozy s.v. from Auw. man. from Leiden, 121 r missing in the edition
     c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 1, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802^IA, page 509:

     الخطيب ابن حَجّاجٍ وقد اعتاد الكسّاحون عندنا ان يكون قطع القضبان من الكروم قطعا معتدلا بدون تحريف فيه ويسمونه المُفَلَّسْ وهو اغرب فى صناعتهم لانهم عندهم ليس كل الناس يقدر عليه

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Conjugation

Conjugation of

فَلَّسَ

(form-II sound)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَفْلِيس taflīs
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُفَلِّس mufallis
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُفَلَّس mufallas
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	فَلَّسْتُ fallastu	فَلَّسْتَ fallasta	فَلَّسَ fallasa		فَلَّسْتُمَا fallastumā	فَلَّسَا fallasā		فَلَّسْنَا fallasnā	فَلَّسْتُمْ fallastum	فَلَّسُوا fallasū
	f		فَلَّسْتِ fallasti	فَلَّسَتْ fallasat			فَلَّسَتَا fallasatā			فَلَّسْتُنَّ fallastunna	فَلَّسْنَ fallasna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُفَلِّسُ ʔufallisu	تُفَلِّسُ tufallisu	يُفَلِّسُ yufallisu		تُفَلِّسَانِ tufallisāni	يُفَلِّسَانِ yufallisāni		نُفَلِّسُ nufallisu	تُفَلِّسُونَ tufallisūna	يُفَلِّسُونَ yufallisūna
	f		تُفَلِّسِينَ tufallisīna	تُفَلِّسُ tufallisu			تُفَلِّسَانِ tufallisāni			تُفَلِّسْنَ tufallisna	يُفَلِّسْنَ yufallisna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُفَلِّسَ ʔufallisa	تُفَلِّسَ tufallisa	يُفَلِّسَ yufallisa		تُفَلِّسَا tufallisā	يُفَلِّسَا yufallisā		نُفَلِّسَ nufallisa	تُفَلِّسُوا tufallisū	يُفَلِّسُوا yufallisū
	f		تُفَلِّسِي tufallisī	تُفَلِّسَ tufallisa			تُفَلِّسَا tufallisā			تُفَلِّسْنَ tufallisna	يُفَلِّسْنَ yufallisna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُفَلِّسْ ʔufallis	تُفَلِّسْ tufallis	يُفَلِّسْ yufallis		تُفَلِّسَا tufallisā	يُفَلِّسَا yufallisā		نُفَلِّسْ nufallis	تُفَلِّسُوا tufallisū	يُفَلِّسُوا yufallisū
	f		تُفَلِّسِي tufallisī	تُفَلِّسْ tufallis			تُفَلِّسَا tufallisā			تُفَلِّسْنَ tufallisna	يُفَلِّسْنَ yufallisna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		فَلِّسْ fallis			فَلِّسَا fallisā				فَلِّسُوا fallisū
	f		فَلِّسِي fallisī							فَلِّسْنَ fallisna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	فُلِّسْتُ fullistu	فُلِّسْتَ fullista	فُلِّسَ fullisa		فُلِّسْتُمَا fullistumā	فُلِّسَا fullisā		فُلِّسْنَا fullisnā	فُلِّسْتُمْ fullistum	فُلِّسُوا fullisū
	f		فُلِّسْتِ fullisti	فُلِّسَتْ fullisat			فُلِّسَتَا fullisatā			فُلِّسْتُنَّ fullistunna	فُلِّسْنَ fullisna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُفَلَّسُ ʔufallasu	تُفَلَّسُ tufallasu	يُفَلَّسُ yufallasu		تُفَلَّسَانِ tufallasāni	يُفَلَّسَانِ yufallasāni		نُفَلَّسُ nufallasu	تُفَلَّسُونَ tufallasūna	يُفَلَّسُونَ yufallasūna
	f		تُفَلَّسِينَ tufallasīna	تُفَلَّسُ tufallasu			تُفَلَّسَانِ tufallasāni			تُفَلَّسْنَ tufallasna	يُفَلَّسْنَ yufallasna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُفَلَّسَ ʔufallasa	تُفَلَّسَ tufallasa	يُفَلَّسَ yufallasa		تُفَلَّسَا tufallasā	يُفَلَّسَا yufallasā		نُفَلَّسَ nufallasa	تُفَلَّسُوا tufallasū	يُفَلَّسُوا yufallasū
	f		تُفَلَّسِي tufallasī	تُفَلَّسَ tufallasa			تُفَلَّسَا tufallasā			تُفَلَّسْنَ tufallasna	يُفَلَّسْنَ yufallasna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُفَلَّسْ ʔufallas	تُفَلَّسْ tufallas	يُفَلَّسْ yufallas		تُفَلَّسَا tufallasā	يُفَلَّسَا yufallasā		نُفَلَّسْ nufallas	تُفَلَّسُوا tufallasū	يُفَلَّسُوا yufallasū
	f		تُفَلَّسِي tufallasī	تُفَلَّسْ tufallas			تُفَلَّسَا tufallasā			تُفَلَّسْنَ tufallasna	يُفَلَّسْنَ yufallasna

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Ancient Greek φολίς (pholís).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fals/

Noun

فَلْس • (fals) m (plural فُلُوس (fulūs))

1. scale of a fish

Declension

Declension of noun فَلْس (fals)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	فَلْس fals	الْفَلْس al-fals	فَلْس fals
Nominative	فَلْسٌ falsun	الْفَلْسُ al-falsu	فَلْسُ falsu
Accusative	فَلْسًا falsan	الْفَلْسَ al-falsa	فَلْسَ falsa
Genitive	فَلْسٍ falsin	الْفَلْسِ al-falsi	فَلْسِ falsi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	فَلْسَيْن falsayn	الْفَلْسَيْن al-falsayn	فَلْسَيْ falsay
Nominative	فَلْسَانِ falsāni	الْفَلْسَانِ al-falsāni	فَلْسَا falsā
Accusative	فَلْسَيْنِ falsayni	الْفَلْسَيْنِ al-falsayni	فَلْسَيْ falsay
Genitive	فَلْسَيْنِ falsayni	الْفَلْسَيْنِ al-falsayni	فَلْسَيْ falsay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	فُلُوس fulūs	الْفُلُوس al-fulūs	فُلُوس fulūs
Nominative	فُلُوسٌ fulūsun	الْفُلُوسُ al-fulūsu	فُلُوسُ fulūsu
Accusative	فُلُوسًا fulūsan	الْفُلُوسَ al-fulūsa	فُلُوسَ fulūsa
Genitive	فُلُوسٍ fulūsin	الْفُلُوسِ al-fulūsi	فُلُوسِ fulūsi

Descendants

• → Swahili: fulusi
• → Ottoman Turkish: فلس (fels)

References

• “pls”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “فلس”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[1] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 278
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 192
• Freytag, Georg (1835) “فلس”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 369
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “فلس”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[3] (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, pages 629–630
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “فلس”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[4], London: Williams & Norgate, page 2440
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “فلس”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[5] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, pages 979–980

Hijazi Arabic

Root
ف ل س
1 term

Etymology 1

From Arabic فَلَّسَ (fallasa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fal.las/

Verb

فَلَّس • (fallas) II (non-past يِفَلِّس (yifallis))

1. to go broke, to become bankrupt.

Conjugation

Conjugation of فلس (fallas)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	فلست (fallast)	فلست (fallast)	فلس (fallas)		فلسنا (fallasna)	فلستوا (fallastu)	فلسوا (fallasu)
	f		فلستي (fallasti)	فلست (fallasat)
non-past	m	أفلس (ʔafallis)	تفلس (tifallis)	يفلس (yifallis)		نفلس (nifallis)	تفلسوا (tifallisu)	يفلسوا (yifallisu)
	f		تفلسي (tifallisi)	تفلس (tifallis)
imperative	m		فلس (fallis)				فلسوا (fallisu)
	f		فلسي (fallisi)

Etymology 2

From Arabic فِلْس (fils).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fils/, [fɪls]

Noun

فلس • (fils) m (plural فِلوس (filūs) or فُلوس (fulūs))

1. a small-denomination coin, penny
2. a subdivision of currency used in some Arab countries.

Usage notes

The plural is used mainly to mean "money".

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

From Arabic فَلْس (fals, “a kind of coin”).

Noun

فلس • (fels) (plural فلوس)

1. mite, very small coin worth about the twentieth part of a penny sterling

Etymology 2

From Arabic فَلْس (fals, “scale”).

Noun

فلس • (fels) (plural فلوس)

1. scale of a fish, a small, flat and hard piece of keratin
2. any scale-like thing, as a spangle, etc.
3. small boss on a compound astrolabe

Further reading

• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “فلس”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[6], Constantinople: Mihran, page 909
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “فلس”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[7], Vienna, columns 3545–3546
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “فلس”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[8], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1395

Persian

Etymology

From Arabic فَلْس (fals), from Ancient Greek φολίς (pholís).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [fals]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [fäls]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [fäls]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [fäls]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [fäls]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [fæls]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [fäls]

Readings
Classical reading?	fals
Dari reading?	fals
Iranian reading?	fals
Tajik reading?	fals

Noun

Dari	فلس
Iranian Persian
Tajik	фалс

فلس • (fals) (plural فلس‌ها (fals-hâ))

1. flake, lamination, scale
   • The Bible, Acts 9:18:

     در ساعت از چشمان او چیزی مثل فلس افتاده، بینایی یافت و برخاسته، تعمید گرفت

     At that instant something like a scale fell from his eyes, and he regained his sight. Then he rose and was baptized