كشمش

Arabic

Etymology

From Classical Persian کشمش (kišmiš, “raisin”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kiʃ.miʃ/

Noun

كِشْمِش • (kišmiš) m

1. (Iraq, Syria, Kuwait, Bahrain, dated in Egypt) raisins, in particular sultanas

   Hypernym: زَبِيب (zabīb)

   • a. 1222, نَجِيب الدِّين السَّمَرْقَنْدِيّ [najīb ad-dīn as-samarqandiyy], edited by Juliane Müller, كِتَاب الْأَغْذِيَة وَٱلْأَشْرِبَة [kitāb al-ʔaḡdiya wa-l-ʔǎšriba] (Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science. Texts and Studies; 101)‎^[1], Leiden: Brill, published 2017, →ISBN, page 132:

     الكِشمِش شبيه بالزبيب إلا أنّه ألين قبضًا وأسهل خروجًا.

     Sultanas are similar to raisins except that they are of softer astringency and easier in excretion.

2. currant (Ribes gen. et spp.)

   Synonym: رِيبَاس (rībās)

   Hyponyms: عِنَب الذِئْب (ʕinab aḏ-ḏiʔb), عِنَب الثَعْلَب (ʕinab aṯ-ṯaʕlab), كِشْمِش أَسْوَد (kišmiš ʔaswad)

References

• Behnstedt, Peter, Woidich, Manfred (2012) Wortatlas der arabischen Dialekte – Band II: Materielle Kultur (Handbook of Oriental Studies – Handbuch der Orientalistik; 100/II) (in German), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 278–279

Ottoman Turkish

كشمش

Alternative forms

• كشمشك (kişmişk)

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian کشمش (kišmiš, “raisin”).

Noun

كشمش • (kişmiş)

1. sultana, a pale yellow raisin made from a seedless grape

Descendants

• Turkish: kişmiş
• → Armenian: քիշմիշ (kʻišmiš), քիշնիշ (kʻišniš)

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “kişmiş”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2690
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “كشمش”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[2], Vienna: F. Beck, page 391b
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “كشمش”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[3], Constantinople: Mihran, page 1029
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Uva passa”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[4], Vienna, column 1799
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “كشمش”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[5], Vienna, column 3968
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kişmiş”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “كشمش”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[6], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1553