ܚܘܠܦܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1

Root
ܚ ܠ ܦ (ḥ l p)
7 terms

Compare Hebrew חִלּוּף (khilúf) with the sense of “apposition” a calque of Arabic بَدَل (badal).

Pronunciation

• (standard) IPA^(key): [xul.lɑːpɑː]

Noun

ܚܘܼܠܵܦܵܐ • (ḥullāpā) m sg (plural ܚܘܼܠܵܦܹ̈ܐ (ḥūlāpē))

1. exchange, replacement
2. compensation
3. (grammar) interchangeability (e.g. of letters)
4. (grammar) apposition

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܘܼܠܵܦܵܐ (ḥullāpā)

number	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
				m	f
singular	absolute	–	1st person	ܚܘܼܠܵܦܝܼ (ḥūlāpī)		ܚܘܼܠܵܦܲܢ (ḥūlāpan)
	construct	ܚܘܼܠܵܦ (ḥūlāp)	2nd person	ܚܘܼܠܵܦܘܼܟ݂ (ḥūlāpūḵ)	ܚܘܼܠܵܦܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥūlāpāḵ)	ܚܘܼܠܵܦܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥūlāpāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܘܼܠܵܦܵܐ (ḥullāpā)	3rd person	ܚܘܼܠܵܦܹܗ (ḥūlāpēh)	ܚܘܼܠܵܦܵܗ̇ (ḥūlāpāh)	ܚܘܼܠܵܦܗܘܿܢ (ḥūlāphōn)
plural	absolute	–	1st person	ܚܘܼܠܵܦܝܼ̈ (ḥūlāpī)		ܚܘܼܠܵܦܲܢ̈ (ḥūlāpan)
	construct	ܚܘܼܠܵܦܲܝ̈ (ḥūlāpay)	2nd person	ܚܘܼܠܵܦܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (ḥūlāpūḵ)	ܚܘܼܠܵܦܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (ḥūlāpāḵ)	ܚܘܼܠܵܦܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥūlāpāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܘܼܠܵܦܹ̈ܐ (ḥūlāpē)	3rd person	ܚܘܼܠܵܦܘܼ̈ܗܝ (ḥūlāpūh)	ܚܘܼܠܵܦ̈ܘܿܗ̇ (ḥūlāpōh)	ܚܘܼܠܵܦܗ̈ܘܿܢ (ḥūlāphōn)

Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Classical Syriac.

Pronunciation

• (standard) IPA^(key): [xul.pɑː]

Noun

ܚܘܼܠܦܵܐ • (ḥulpā) m sg (plural ܚܘܼܠܦܹ̈ܐ (ḥulpē))

1. (botany) kind of shrub; reed, willow

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܘܼܠܦܵܐ (ḥulpā)

number	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
				m	f
singular	absolute	–	1st person	ܚܘܼܠܦܝܼ (ḥulpī)		ܚܘܼܠܦܲܢ (ḥulpan)
	construct	ܚܘܼܠܲܦ (ḥūlap)	2nd person	ܚܘܼܠܦܘܼܟ݂ (ḥulpūḵ)	ܚܘܼܠܦܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥulpāḵ)	ܚܘܼܠܦܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥulpāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܘܼܠܦܵܐ (ḥulpā)	3rd person	ܚܘܼܠܦܹܗ (ḥulpēh)	ܚܘܼܠܦܵܗ̇ (ḥulpāh)	ܚܘܼܠܦܗܘܿܢ (ḥulphōn)
plural	absolute	–	1st person	ܚܘܼܠܦܝܼ̈ (ḥulpī)		ܚܘܼܠܦܲܢ̈ (ḥulpan)
	construct	ܚܘܼܠܦܲܝ̈ (ḥulpay)	2nd person	ܚܘܼܠܦܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (ḥulpūḵ)	ܚܘܼܠܦܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (ḥulpāḵ)	ܚܘܼܠܦܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥulpāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܘܼܠܦܹ̈ܐ (ḥulpē)	3rd person	ܚܘܼܠܦܘܼ̈ܗܝ (ḥulpūh)	ܚܘܼܠܦ̈ܘܿܗ̇ (ḥulpōh)	ܚܘܼܠܦܗ̈ܘܿܢ (ḥulphōn)

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħulpɑ(ʔ)] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [ħulpe(ʔ)] (plural)

Noun

ܚܘܠܦܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܚܘܠܦܐ)

1. (botany) kind of shrub: reed, willow

Inflection

Irregular absolute and construct singular with a varying Waw.

    declension of ܚܘܠܦܐ

state	singular	plural
absolute	ܚܠܘܦ	ܚܘܠܦܝܢ
construct	ܚܠܘܦ	ܚܘܠܦܝ
emphatic	ܚܘܠܦܐ	ܚܘܠܦܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܚܘܠܦܝ	ܚܘܠܦܝ
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܚܘܠܦܟ	ܚܘܠܦܝܟ
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܚܘܠܦܟܝ	ܚܘܠܦܝܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܚܘܠܦܗ	ܚܘܠܦܘܗܝ
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܚܘܠܦܗ	ܚܘܠܦܝܗ
1st c. pl. (our)	ܚܘܠܦܢ	ܚܘܠܦܝܢ
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܚܘܠܦܟܘܢ	ܚܘܠܦܝܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܚܘܠܦܟܝܢ	ܚܘܠܦܝܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܚܘܠܦܗܘܢ	ܚܘܠܦܝܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܚܘܠܦܗܝܢ	ܚܘܠܦܝܗܝܢ

Etymology 2

From the root ܚ-ܠ-ܦ (ḥ-l-p) related to changing; compare Hebrew חילוף / חִלּוּף (ḥillūp̄). The sense of "apposition" is a calque of Arabic بَدَل (badal).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħullɑfɑ(ʔ)] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [ħullɑfe(ʔ)] (plural)

Noun

ܚܘܠܦܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܚܘܠܦܐ)

1. difference, change
2. exchange, replacement
3. recompense
4. succession, following
5. price
6. (grammar) interchangeability (e.g. of letters)
7. (grammar) apposition

Inflection

    inflection of ܚܘܠܦܐ

state	singular	plural
absolute	ܚܘܠܦ	ܚܘܠܦܝܢ
construct	ܚܘܠܦ	ܚܘܠܦܝ
emphatic	ܚܘܠܦܐ	ܚܘܠܦܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܚܘܠܦܝ	ܚܘܠܦܝ
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܚܘܠܦܟ	ܚܘܠܦܝܟ
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܚܘܠܦܟܝ	ܚܘܠܦܝܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܚܘܠܦܗ	ܚܘܠܦܘܗܝ
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܚܘܠܦܗ	ܚܘܠܦܝܗ
1st c. pl. (our)	ܚܘܠܦܢ	ܚܘܠܦܝܢ
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܚܘܠܦܟܘܢ	ܚܘܠܦܝܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܚܘܠܦܟܝܢ	ܚܘܠܦܝܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܚܘܠܦܗܘܢ	ܚܘܠܦܝܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܚܘܠܦܗܝܢ	ܚܘܠܦܝܗܝܢ

References

• “ḥwlp”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, p. 106b
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 132a
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, pp. 426b-427a